Widely used 583-page text for certified chiropractic paraprofessionals. Describes career opportunities, office roles, duties and functions, clinical terminology, introduction to human anatomy/physiology, human relations in health care, administrative responsibilities, office economics, billings and collections, documentation, computer science, insurance and medicolegal considerations.

Table of Contents

1.   Introduction to a Rewarding Career
Who Are Involved in Administering Chiropractic Health Care?
How Chiropractic Is Similar to Other Health-Care Professions
How Chiropractic Differs from Other Health-Care Professions
The Chiropractic Approach
Environmental Irritants
The Nervous System: Primary Regulator of Function
Chiropractic: Often a Conservative Alternative
Social Concerns
Interprofessional Concerns
Examples of Professional Recognition
The Philosophy of Chiropractic
Articular Injury
Intervertebral Foramen Impairment
Intervertebral Disc Disorders
Chiropractic Adjustments
Brief History of Health Care
Early Records
Hypocrotes
Herodicus
Galen
Resistance to New Thought by the Medical Establishment
Birth of Modern Chiropractic
The Effect of Poor Cooperation
The Dawn of a New Approach
Scope of Chiropractic Practice
Health-Care Education in America
Medical Education
Modern Chiropractic Education and Professional Development
Professional Requirements
Academic Accreditation
Postgraduate Continuing Education
FCER
Basic Principles of Clinical Chiropractic
Forms of Chiropractic Practice
Solo Practice
Specialty Practice
Partnership
Associate Practice
Corporate Practice
Group Practice
Closing Remarks

2.   The Important Role of the Chiropractic Assistant
Basic Qualifications of a Chiropractic Paraprofessional
Versatility Is Often Necessary
Not Everyone Can Qualify
Salary
Salary Reviews
Opportunity for Growth
Duties and Responsibilities
The Practice Plan
Assigned Duties
Administrative Assistant
Clinical Assistant
The Atmosphere of a Professional Office
General Ethical Standards
Staff Adaptability
The Business Aspect of Health Practice
Increasing Administrative Complexities
The Human Relations Element
Initial Data Gathering
Foresight
Fees for Service
Community Relations and Involvement
On-the-Job Conduct
Emergency Situations
Personal Conversations
Professional Appearance
Personal Attire
The Professional Image
Essentials
Acquainting Yourself with Office Policies
Policies vs Procedures
Practice Policies vs Employee Policies
Personnel Records
Payroll Deductions
Pay Advances
Absenteeism
Election Service
Holidays
Working Hours
Rest Periods
Personal Leaves of Absence
Jury Duty
Witness Service
Sick Leave
Accidents
Accident and Health Insurance
Maternity Leave
Vacations
Voting Time
Bonding
Medical, Dental, and Optometric Appointments
Funeral Leave
Resignation
Dismissal
Judicial Incarceration
Drug Abuse and Use
Alcohol Use
Educational Assistance
Housekeeping Control
Confidential Information
Smoking
Personal Telephone Calls
Bad Weather
Parking
Grievances
Acquainting Yourself with the Doctor’s Practice Goals
Developing Your Contribution and Assuring Career Growth
Health-Team Consciousness
Creativeness and Adaptability
Efficiency Consciousness
Emergency Situations
Developing Your Initial Contribution
Finding the Right Position
Develop a General Plan
Interview Preparation
Locating Prospective Employers
Requesting an Interview
Actions During the Interview
Continuing Education
Closing Remarks
 
3.   The Health-Service Role of the Doctor of Chiropractic
Diagnostics: The Art of Deciding What Is Wrong
Background
Overview of the Diagnostic Process
Therapeutics: The Art of Correcting What Is Wrong
Rehabilitation: The Art of Aiding Natural Healing Processes
Nutritional Considerations
Autointoxication
Food Alteration
Physiologic Needs
Posture and Physical Fitness
Counseling: The Art of Preventive Therapy and Enhancement
General Practice and Specialized Interests
Pain and Preventive Care
Common Complaints
Resistance to Disease
Sports Injuries
Prenatal and Postnatal Care
Pediatric Care
Professional Groups
Closing Remarks

4.   The Language of the Health-Care Professions
The Universal Language of Health Care: Why It Is Necessary
Phonetics: The Quick Way to Grasp Meanings
How the Words Are Formed
Common Latin and Greek Word Roots
Common Latin and Greek Prefixes
Common Latin and Greek Suffixes
Singulars and Plurals
Traditional Style
Modern Style
Common Anatomical Terms
Terms of Patient Position
Terms of Direction and Location
The Planes of the Body in Biodynamics
Structural Motion
Describing Positions in Space
Axes
Linear and Circular Motion
Degrees of Joint Movement Freedom
Combined Movements
Plane Motion
The Instantaneous Axis of Rotation
Out-of-Plane Motion
Terms of Motion
Common Diagnostic and Procedural Terms
Background Review
Terminology

5.   Understanding the Human Body
Body Systems and Landmarks
The Ten Systems
Body Cavities
The Abdominal Quadrants
The Thoracoabdominal Membranes
The Skeletal System
Skeletal Functions and Divisions
General Bone Structure and Classes
Shape
Long Bone Features
Bone Marrow
Landmarks
The Skull and Face
The Cranial Bones
The Facial Bones
The Vertebral Column
Vertebral Structure
Spinal Curves
Classification of Vertebrae
The Thorax
The Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limbs
The Pelvis and Lower Limbs
Joints (Articulations)
Joint Movements
Bursae
The Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle Function
Muscle Structure and Motion
Principles of Skeletal Muscle Action
Principal Groups of Skeletal Muscle
The Skin
Function
Structure
Temperature Regulation
The Circulatory System
The Heart
Structure
Heart Chambers
Function
Nerve Control
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Veins
Pulse
Blood Pressure
The Lymphatic System
The Blood
Functions
Plasma
Serum
Demands
Hemoglobin
Leukocytes
Platelets
Empiric Systems
The Respiratory System
The Nose
Cilia
The Air Sinuses
The Pharynx
The Larynx
The Epiglottis
The Trachea
The Bronchi
The Lungs
Alveoli
Pleurae
The Physiologic Processes of Respiration
The Mechanical Processes of Respiration
Inhalation
Exhalation
The Digestive System
The Alimentary Canal and Accessory Organs
The Teeth
The Salivary Glands
Salivation
The Tongue
The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Gastric Juices
The Small Intestine
Mesentery
The Pancreas
The Liver
The Gallbladder
The Ileum
The Large Intestine (Colon)
The Rectum and Anus
Digestion Time, Absorption, and Defecation
The Urinary System
The Kidneys
Nephrons
The Ureters
The Urinary Bladder
The Urethra
Urination
The Nervous System
Overview
Neurons
Neuroglia
The Central Nervous System
The Meninges
Cerebrospinal Fluid
The Brain as a Whole
The Cerebrum
The Cerebellum
The Pons
The Medulla Oblongata
The Spinal Cord
Reflex Centers
The Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Plexuses
The Autonomic Nervous System
Ganglia
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Function
The Special Senses
The Eye
The Eyeball
The Lens
Aqueous Fluid
The External Eye and Accessory Structures
Extraocular Muscles
The Ear
The External Ear
The Middle Ear
The Inner Ear
The Endocrine System
The Thyroid
The Parathyroids
The Adrenals
The Pituitary
The Pancreas
The Testes and Ovaries (Gonads)
The Genital System
The Male Reproductive System
The Scrotum, Testes, and Epididymis
The Ductus Deferens
The Seminal Vesicles and Ejaculatory Ducts
The Prostate Gland
The Urethra and Penis
The Female Reproductive System
The Ovaries
The Fallopian Tubes
The Uterus
Menstruation
The Vagina
The Vulva
The Building Blocks of the Systems
Cells
Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue Fluid
Nerve Tissue
Connective Tissue
Organs
Chiropractic’s Holistic Approach to Health
Structure/Function Relationship
Healing Forces

6.   Human Relations in Health Care
Etiquette in the Professional Office
First Impressions
The Physical Office
Administration
Helping the Doctor During New Employee Indoctrination
Helping the Doctor During New Patient Indoctrination
Basic Psychodynamics in Professional Human Relations
Applied Psychology
Body Language
Other Forms of Nonverbal Communication
Eye Blink Rate
Pupil Reactions
Handling the Emotionally Disturbed Patient
The Underestimated Value of Applied Psychology
Dependency
The Application of Psychiatric Principles
The Assistant’s Role in Case Management
An Overview of Psychiatric Disorders
Coping Mechanisms
The Person Behind the Illness
Psychiatric Symptom Formation
Understanding Anxiety and Depression
Anxiety
Differentiation
Depression
Organ Language and Psychosemantics
Neurotic Symbolism
Alert Listening
General Educational Obligations
Developing Levels of Consciousness
Office Literature
Human Relations in Patient Control
Building Good Will
Preventing Patient Drop-Outs
Meeting Patient Needs
Avoid Self-Prophesies
Advantages of the Humanized Practice
What the Doctor Expects
Handling Complaints and Criticisms
Coping with Negative Personalities
Unreasonable Patients
Inconsiderate Patients
Indecisive Patients
Timid Patients
Suspicious Patients
Snobbish Patients
Chattering Patients
Lessons from the World of Business
Control of the Situation
Children in the Office
The Child Visitor
The Child Patient
The Frightened or Timid Child
The Bashful Child
The Moody Child
The Hysterical Child
The Unmanageable or Temperamental Child
Significance of Age Groups
Infant Care
Childhood
Managing the Child-Patient’s Parents
The Intruding Parent
The Overly Sympathetic Parent
Parent Consultation
Parental Communication During Treatment
History Taking and Its Rationale
Mensuration
The Initial Examination
Office Rules and Procedures
Building Positive Relationships with Children
Self-Image Development
Communication
Special Attention Pays Dividends in Human Relations
The Elderly in the Office
Age Considerations
Special Human Relations Considerations
Special Considerations of Trauma
Adding the Personal Touch
A Review of Fundamentals
The Role of Office Records
Personal Public Relations
The Art of Communication
Appealing to a Patient’s Inner Needs
Resolving and Preventing Complaints
The Art of Gentle Persuasion
Filling the Communications Gap
Answering Silent Concerns
Leverage Through Illustrations
External Communications
Enthusiasm Is Contagious

7.   Responsibilities of an Administrative Assistant
Overview
General Office Philosophy
Aiding Professional Service
Opening the Office
Greeting Patients
Importance of a Positive Approach
Types of New Patients
Greeting Visitors
Telephone Duties
Attitude
Technique
Words Reveal
Pronunciation Enhances Understanding
Monitor Your Rate of Speech
Voice Tone
Answering the Telephone
Calls the Assistant Can Resolve
Calls the Doctor Must Resolve
Call Records
Follow-up Calls
Outgoing Calls
Answering Services
Pressure Shows Your Personality
Summary of Highlights
Managing the Reception Room
Overseeing the Receiving Area
Sound Control
Policy Announcements
Reception Room Literature
Educational Literature
Reception Area Supervision
Successfully Managing a Professional Appointment System
Handling and Making Appointments
Types of Appointment Books
Appointment Responsibilities and Techniques
Managing the Appointment Schedule
Appointment Reminders
Return Appointments
Future-Appointment Refusals
Completing Incomplete Appointment Schedules
New Patient Referral Follow-up
Appointment Book Responsibility and Authority
Necessary Information for Making Advanced Appointments
Handling Difficult Appointment Requests
Appointment Planning Influence on Case Management
Patients Who Commute
Shift Workers
Unstable Personalities
Adverse Traveling Conditions
Sales and Service People
Handling Broken, Changed, or Late Appointments
Unworthy Patients
"No Shows"
Time Reservation Charges
Resolution Techniques
Tardy Patients
Delayed Doctor
Handling Emergency Situations
Maintaining Appointment Continuity and Control
Continuity
Control
The Control Sheet
Appointment Scheduling
Handling the "Demand" for an Appointment
It’s Not Always What You Say, But How You Say It
Semantics and Case Management
Semantics and Patient Relations
Office Records
Office Records and Functions
Typical Office Records and Communications
Common Record Flow
Emergency Telephone Numbers
Closing the Communications Gap
Standard Operating Procedures
Entering Patient Data
Patient History Form
Chief Complaint
Past and Related Histories
Examination and Case History Form
Case Progress Records
Legal Considerations
Advice Restrictions
Required Reports
Consent and Release Forms
Referral List
Other Records and Forms
Office Filing Systems
Basic Filing Requirements
Pulling Files
Safety and Security Considerations
Avoiding Space Waste
Filing Systems
Alphabetical Indexing
Numerical Indexing
Standards
Types of Files
Current, Active, and Inactive Case Record Files
Subject File
Correspondence File
Cross-Reference Sheets
Patient Relations File
Financial Record Files
X-Ray Files
Microfilm Files
Tickler Files
Reminder Calendars
Follow-up Files
Filing Philosophy
Typical Office Equipment
Dictation Equipment
Duplication Equipment
Purchasing and Inventory Management
Typical Business Office Supplies
Ordering Supplies
Checking Deliveries
Clinical Supplies
Inventory and Storage Considerations
Handling Mail and Correspondence
Policy and Procedures
Daily Record
Transmittal Slips
The Doctor’s Correspondence
Preparing Enclosures
Organizing Incoming Mail
X-Ray Films
Certified and Registered Mail
Letters Containing Checks or Money Orders
Document Routing Slips
Handling Mail in the Doctor’s Absence
Holding File
Postage Considerations
Postage Meters
Housekeeping and Equipment Service
Cleaning Services
Equipment Service and Repair
Periodic Inspections
Appearance Inspections
Safety Inspections
Policy and Procedural Changes
Business and Personal Duties for the Doctor
Nonpatient Callers
Organizational Aid
Meeting and Travel Arrangements
Personnel Data
Postgraduate Education Log
Understanding Professional Public Relations
Relating to the Public
Building Public Confidence
Media Action Projects
Community Action Projects

8.   Professional Office Economics
Initial Considerations
Understanding the Doctor’s Fee
Standardized Fees
Care-Basis Fees
Unit-Basis Fees
Prepaid Fees
Discounted Services
Professional Courtesy
Other Professional Guidelines
Trading Services
Hardship Cases
Cash-Basis Fees
Patient Credit
Explaining Fees to Patients
Basic Economic Management
A General Approach
Answering Questions About Fees and Services
Dismissing the Patient
Office Accounting
Basic Requirements
The Communication Loop
Deferred Collections and Accounts Receivable
Third-Party Payments
Selecting the Proper System
Pegboard Systems
Super Bills
Entry Systems
The Office Books
Accounts Receivable and Billing
Visit Slips
Day Sheets and Summary Sheets
Patient Ledger Card
Posting
Family Cards
Combined History and Ledger Forms
Recording Payments and Receipts
Personalized Receipts
Accounts Receivable Insurance
Statements
Deposits
Summary of the Mechanics
Payments Received in the Mail
Balancing Accounts Receivable
Billing Routines
Professional Considerations
Attitude in Approach
Billing Mechanics
Processing
Timing
Reminder Systems
Tracing a "Skip"
The Problem of Discounting Fees
Collection Administration
Collection Problems
Coping with Delinquent Accounts
Avoid Unprofessional Procedures
Collection Administration
Collection Management
Supervising Effective Collections
Time Payments and Late Payments
Preventive Bad-Debt Screening
Accounts Receivable Aging
Past-Due Account Follow-up
Evaluating Collection Efforts
Computing Office Collection Rate
Statement Services
Collecting by Telephone
Technique
Summary of Highlights
Collecting by Office Letters
Sample First Notices
Sample Second Notices
Sample Third Notices
Sample Final Notices
Registered Mailings
Sample Follow-up Letters
Collection Letter Services
Collection Agencies
Collection Agencies
Legal Action
Canceled Accounts
Computerized Billing Services
Accounts Payable
Checking Accounts
Daily Disbursement Record
The General Ledger
Bills and Invoices
Deliveries
Credit Memos
Credit Adjustments
Outside Laboratory Charges
Petty Cash
Extra Cash
Reconciling Bank Statements
Financial Control
Periodic Financial Responsibilities
Condensed Tax Form Timetable
Payroll Records
Managing the Doctor’s Personal Accounts
Practices Can Get Sick Too!
Goal Setting and Achievement: Personal and Professional
The Art of Practice Development
Patient Classifications and Codes
Sustaining Practice Growth
The Referral Practice: Key to Economic Growth
Characteristics of a Positive Philosophy
Motivational Communications
Periodic Fee Evaluations
Setting a Fee Schedule
Cost Analysis
Time Analysis
Summary of Human Relations in Office Economics
Explaining Fees to Patients
Collections of Overdue Accounts
Dollars and Sense
The Value of Itemized Statements
Communicating the Facts
Working with an Accountant
Control of Billing and Cash Receipts
Control of Cash Disbursements and Payroll
General Bookkeeping System
Preparation and Analysis of Financial Statements
Collection of Accounts Receivable
Tax Reporting and Planning
Banking Relationships and Investment Decisions
Doctor’s Estate Planning
Selecting an Accountant

9.   Preparation of Professional Documents
Office Correspondence
Promptness
Signature Authorization
Form
Letter Quality
Style
Design
Opening and Closing the Body of a Letter
Vocabulary
Form Letters and Model Paragraphs
Letters Over an Assistant’s Signature
Letters Over the Doctor’s Signature
Clinical Reports
Postexamination Reports
Narrative Reports
Completing a Professional Paper
Overview
Writing Style and Format
Goal of Research and Science Writing
Approach
Outlines
Contributions to Professional Journals
Requirements
Camera-Ready Copy
General Format
Informal Papers
General Grammar and Rules of Composition
Antecedents
Verb Number
Collective Nouns
Verb Tense and Mode
Possessives
Comparisons
Parallelism
Punctuation
The Comma
The Semicolon
The Colon
The Hyphen
Dashes
Parentheses
Brackets
Quotation Marks
Hyphenation of Prefixes and Suffixes
Capitalization
Numerals
Calendar Dates
Abbreviations
Types of Abbreviations
Criteria
Footnotes
Bibliography Style
Errata
Formal Professional Papers and Reports
The Basic Outline
Testing the Outline
Organization
The Introduction
The Summary
The Abstract
The Cover
The Title Page
Table of Contents
List of References
Optional Sections to a Report
Typography of Reports
Styling
Primary Headings
Secondary Headings
Tertiary Headings
Pagination of Reports
Recto and Verso Positions
Special Typography
Direct Quotations
Ellipses
Listings (Enumerations)
Typing Hints and Helps
Preparing a Typewritten Table
Measurements
Vertical Spacing
Margination
Setting Tabs
Standard Rules for Spacing
Labeling Drafts
Tabulator-Key Uses
Centering Headings and Titles
Word and Line Divisions
Proofreading
Spelling
Verb Endings
Contractions
Foreign words

10.   Brief Introduction to Computer Science
The Beginning
Early Contributors
A Need Is Met for the 1890 Census
Enhancements During World War II
The Postwar Periods
Microcomputers
A Look Ahead
What Computers Do
Hardware Versus Software
Computer Hardware
Basic Hardware Elements
The Factor of Time
A Byte Is Not a Bite
Addressing
The CPU
Registers
The Keyboard
Buffers
Function Keys
Numeric Keypad
Cursor Control Mode
Enhanced Keyboard
Storage and Input/Output Devices
Floppy Disks
Disk Safeguards
Other Formats
Hard Disks
Monitors
Input Devices
Output Devices
Interfaces
Operating Systems and Commands
DOS
Parts of DOS
Input/Output System
Command Processor
Starting the Computer
Default Drive
Device Names
Rules for Filenames
DOS Commands
Command Syntax
Listing a Disk Directory
Date and Time
Formatting Disks
Erasing Files
Renaming Files
Copying Files
Typing a File
Backing-up a Disk
Checking a Disk
Concluding Remarks
The Role of Subdirectories
Tree Structure
Batch and Configuration Commands
Batch File Commands
Autoexec bat File
Parameters
Batch Subcommands
Configuration System Commands
Programming
What Is Programming?
Translators
Programming Language
Program Structure

11.   Insurance Considerations
Introduction
Physician Coverage
Patient Insurance
An Office’s Insurance Inventory
An Overview
Maintaining Coverage
Malpractice Insurance
Negligence vs Judgment Errors
Prevention
Protection Against Liability
Public Liability Insurance
Physical Hazards and Office Equipment
Roentgenographic Considerations
Infection and Contagious Diseases
Medical Expense Insurance
Disability Income Insurance
Other Types of Coverage
Employee Protection
Fidelity Bonds
Fire and Criminal Insurance
Vehicle Liability Insurance
Business Interruption and Office Overhead Insurance
Accounts Receivable Insurance
Key-Person Insurance
Life Insurance
Third-Party Relationships
Administrative Control
Fee-for-Service Arrangements
Simplifying Claims Processing
Data Gathering
Form Processing
In-Office Forms Filing
Patient Insurance Log
Processing Fees
Coding Systems in Insurance Claims Processing
CPT Procedural Codes
ICDA Diagnostic Codes
Claims Control
Policy Coverage
Helping Patients Process Claims
The Processing Procedure
Routine In-Office Checkpoints
Refunds
Telephone Contacts
Insurance Terms
Major Medical Accounts
Personal Injury Accounts
Blue Cross and Blue Shield
Workers’ Compensation Accounts
Structure
Extent of Coverage
Employee Protection
Administration
Problem Areas
Automobile Accident Cases
Claims Processing
Cost Control
Health Maintenance Organizations
Government Sponsored Public Plans
Medicare
Medicaid
FEHB
CHAMPUS and CHAMPVA
Welfare
Standardized Claim Forms
Statements to Private Insurance Companies
Blue Shield
Medicare Statements
Medicare Receipts
Medicaid Statements
Workers’ Compensation Reports
Requests and Follow-up Activities
Assignments
Cases Accepted on a Nonassignment Basis
Cases Accepted on an Assignment Basis
Private Insurance Company Assignments
Blue Shield Assignments
Medicare Assignments
Posting Procedures in Assignment Accounts
Write-offs
Medicolegal Considerations
Cost and Utilization Control
Professional Standards Review Organizations
Peer Review Objectives
Independent Consultants
Preferred Provider Organizations
 
12.   Medicolegal Considerations
Introduction
The Legal System
Record Management
Confidential Communications
Requests for Privileged Information
Exceptions
Office Procedures
Office Forms
Record Changes
Medicolegal Reports
Subpoenaed Records
Record Ownership, Disposal, and Transfer
Ownership of Records
Disposal of Records
Transfer of Records
The Patient’s Right to Privacy
Typical Information Releases
Unessential Observers
Photographs
The Doctor-Patient Contract
Professional Responsibilities
The Professional Contract
Patient Consent and Its Legal Implications
Simple Consent
Informed Consent
Related Factors
Qualified Consent
Written Consent
Invalid Consent
Quality of Care
Medical Necessity
Objectives of Care
Treating Minors and Incompetents
Clinical Releases
Protection Against Malpractice Claims
Background
Basis for Legal Action
Establishing Proof
Statute of Limitations
Professional Standards
Acceptable Procedures
Unusual Procedures
Common Causes of Suit
Professional Negligence
Personalities Under Stress
Misguided Intentions
Therapeutic Contraindications
Defensive Actions
Human Relations
Controlling Patient Quality
Recognizing Basic Medicolegal Criteria
Employing the Diagnostic Rationale
Determining Treatment Methods
The Postexamination Conference
Monitoring Progress
Consultations and Referrals
Keeping in Line with the Times
Working Within the Law
Maintain Accurate Clinical Records
Vicarious Liability
Dangerous Situations
Emergency Cases
Warranties: Actual and Implied
Binding Contracts
Careless Case Dismissal
Accusations of Abandonment
Infection and Contagious Diseases
Unethical Conduct
Failure to Report or Advise
Criminal Behavior
Misrepresentation
Fraud
Gross Negligence
Assault and Battery
Malicious Injury
Manslaughter and Murder
Court Actions
Defensive Appearances
Initial Steps
Pretrial Preparation
Record Check
Depositions
 
13.   Introduction to Duties of a Clinical Assistant
The Assistant in a Clinical Role
Interpersonal Relationships in the Clinical Setting
Teamwork
Personal Guidelines
Legal Aspects of Clinical Health Care
Clinical Negligence
Laws Governing Licensure
General Characteristics of Technical Assistants
Basic Attributes
Classification of Procedures
Accident Prevention in the Office
Promoting a Safe Environment
Measuring and Reporting Clinical Data
Observation of Patients
Recording Initial Case History Data
Maintaining a Hygienic Environment
Disease and Injury
Classification of Injuries
Microorganisms
Classification of Pathogenic Organisms
Body Defenses Against Pathogenic Organisms
Body Reactions to Disease and Injury
Inflammation and Healing
Infections and Therapeutic Measures
Psychodynamic Pain Control
The Prevention of Aids Transmission
Chiropractic Pediatrics
Chiropractic Geriatrics
The Aging Process
The Assistant’s Approach

14.   Typical Functions of a Clinical Assistant
Assisting the Disabled Patient
Applied Biomechanics
The General Scope of Orthopedics
Assisting with the Orthopedic Patient
Patient Education
General Emergency Protocols Following Injury
Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
Internal Bleeding
Closed Soft-Tissue Injury
Open Soft-Tissue Wounds (PAIL)
Fractures
Understanding the Patient in Pain
False Notions About Pain
The Components of Pain
Types of Pain
Pain Classifications
Superficial Pain
Deep Pain
Central Pain
Assisting the Patient in Pain
Assisting During Physical Examinations
Basic Instruments
General Objectives
Typical Protocol
Summary Review: Typical Preparation Checklist
Assisting with a Spinal Examination
Assisting with a Vaginal (Pelvic) Examination
Recording Vital Signs
Temperature
Temperature Measurement
Oral Temperature
Rectal Temperature
Axillary Temperature
Care of Equipment
The Pulse
Taking the Pulse
Radial Pulse Measurement
Apical-Radial Pulse Measurement
Respiration
The Respiration Rate
Blood Pressure
Pulse Pressure
Blood Pressure Measurement
Assisting with Basic Laboratory Tests
Hematology
Finger Puncture
Venipuncture
Technique of Obtaining Blood by Venipuncture
Alternate Measure: Vacutainer
Care of Equipment
Urinalysis
Procedure
Microscopic Examination
Glossary of Common Tests and Their Abbreviations
Chiropractic Physiologic Therapeutics
The Rationale
The Stages of Healing
Types of Applications
Maintenance of Equipment
Therapeutic Nutrition and Dietary Assistance
Case Management Fundamentals
Effects of Food Processing and Storage
Teaching Healthy Dietary Habits
Dietary Supplementation
Assisting in the X-Ray Department
Why Doctors of Chiropractic Use Roentgenography
Basic Principles of Radiology
Dangers of X-Radiation to Patients
Male Patients
Female Patients
Personnel Monitoring
Patient Preparation
Film Information: Patient
Film Information: Part and Position
Radiographic Terms of Position
Patient Positioning Routines
Record Keeping and Filing
Film and Film Handling
Film Processing
Removal of Stains from White Fabrics
Care of the Skin
Bibliography