Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32130-X

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Lancet. 2017 Sep 16; 390(10100): 1260–1344.

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32130-X

Copyright/LicenseRequest permission to reuse: Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Figure 5

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Expected relationship between age-standardised YLL and YLD rates (per 100 000 people) and SDI (A) and all-age YLL and YLD rates (per 100 000 people) and SDI (B) for 21 Level 2 causes

These stacked curves represent the average relationship between SDI and YLL and YLD rates for each cause observed across all geographies over the time period 1990–2016. In each figure, the y axis goes from lowest SDI to highest SDI. The left side shows rates for YLLs on a reflected axis and the right side shows rates for YLDs; higher rates are further from the midline in each direction. Differences in patterns between (A) and (B) is the effect of shifts in population age structure in relation to SDI.

DALY = disability-adjusted life-year.
SDI = Socio-demographic Index.
YLDs = years lived with disability.
YLLs = years of life lost.