Table 1

GBD 2013 data representativeness index by cause
Before 19981998–20052006–13Total
All causes 100·0% 100·0% 100·0% 100·0%

Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases 99·5% 100·0% 100·0% 100·0%

HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis 91·0% 96·8% 98·9% 99·5%

  Tuberculosis56·9%91·5%98·4%99·5%
  HIV/AIDS79·8%80·3%79·8%80·3%
   HIV/AIDS resulting in mycobacterial infection3·3%1·1%0·5%3·3%
   HIV/AIDS resulting in other diseases79·8%80·3%79·8%80·3%

Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases 97·9% 99·5% 100·0% 100·0%

  Diarrhoeal diseases31·9%58·5%38·3%67·0%
  Intestinal infectious diseases18·1%25·0%10·6%34·6%
   Typhoid fever16·5%10·6%6·4%20·2%
   Paratyphoid fever4·8%8·0%4·8%9·0%
   Other intestinal infectious diseases........
  Lower respiratory infections30·9%61·2%48·9%73·4%
  Upper respiratory infections30·9%28·2%25·0%44·7%
  Otitis media18·1%11·7%5·9%23·4%
  Meningitis30·3%36·7%22·3%47·9%
   Pneumococcal meningitis26·1%21·3%8·5%36·7%
   Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis26·1%21·8%8·0%37·2%
   Meningococcal meningitis25·5%20·2%8·5%35·6%
   Other meningitis25·5%20·2%8·0%34·6%
  Encephalitis19·7%20·7%15·4%30·3%
  Diphtheria57·4%61·2%59·6%71·3%
  Whooping cough97·3%96·3%93·6%98·4%
  Tetanus64·4%65·4%61·2%75·0%
  Measles97·3%97·9%98·9%98·9%
  Varicella and herpes zoster14·4%17·6%2·7%21·3%

Neglected tropical diseases and malaria 97·3% 98·9% 97·9% 99·5%

  Malaria37·8%31·9%23·4%42·6%
  Chagas disease42·1%100·0%57·9%100·0%
  Leishmaniasis41·4%44·1%44·1%52·6%
   Visceral leishmaniasis27·6%32·2%33·6%40·1%
   Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis29·6%33·6%34·2%40·8%
  African trypanosomiasis94·4%100·0%100·0%100·0%
  Schistosomiasis50·0%21·2%4·5%50·0%
  Cysticercosis4·3%1·6%0·5%6·4%
  Cystic echinococcosis6·9%18·1%14·4%20·2%
  Lymphatic filariasis37·9%37·9%19·7%50·0%
  Onchocerciasis........
  Trachoma34·5%27·6%25·9%44·8%
  Dengue50·4%54·8%54·8%60·0%
  Yellow fever90·9%95·5%88·6%95·5%
  Rabies49·5%61·2%59·6%67·6%
  Intestinal nematode infections92·7%88·3%70·1%99·3%
   Ascariasis92·7%88·3%70·1%99·3%
   Trichuriasis92·7%88·3%70·1%99·3%
   Hookworm disease92·0%88·3%69·3%98·5%
   Food-borne trematodiases100·0%35·3%5·9%100·0%
   Other neglected tropical diseases........

Maternal disorders 33·0% 51·6% 47·3% 60·6%

  Maternal haemorrhage10·1%27·7%22·3%33·5%
  Maternal sepsis and other infections4·8%15·4%15·4%18·6%
  Maternal hypertensive disorders12·8%34·0%36·7%46·8%
  Obstructed labour10·1%23·4%23·9%29·3%
  Complications of abortion3·2%13·3%13·8%16·0%
  Other maternal disorders........

Neonatal disorders 68·1% 70·2% 58·5% 81·9%

  Preterm birth complications36·2%45·2%31·4%55·3%
  Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma12·2%14·4%5·9%20·2%
  Neonatal sepsis and other infections4·8%3·2%0·5%6·9%
  Haemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice42·6%40·4%35·1%55·3%
  Other neonatal disorders........

Nutritional deficiencies 93·6% 95·7% 91·0% 98·9%

  Protein-energy malnutrition92·6%95·7%91·0%98·9%
  Iodine deficiency37·8%22·3%2·7%45·2%
  Vitamin A deficiency20·8%5·0%0·8%22·5%
  Iron-deficiency anaemia........
  Other nutritional deficiencies........

Other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases 82·4% 83·0% 77·1% 92·6%

  Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV37·2%43·1%19·7%56·4%
   Syphilis1·1%3·7%0·0%3·7%
   Chlamydial infection16·5%26·6%13·8%40·4%
   Gonococcal infection15·4%23·9%8·0%31·9%
   Trichomoniasis8·0%18·1%9·6%26·6%
   Genital herpes24·5%24·5%3·2%31·9%
   Other sexually transmitted diseases4·3%1·1%0·5%4·8%
  Hepatitis56·9%45·7%19·7%68·1%
   Hepatitis A46·8%27·7%12·2%56·4%
   Hepatitis B36·2%27·7%5·3%43·6%
   Hepatitis C26·6%28·2%8·5%38·3%
   Hepatitis E20·7%12·2%5·9%25·5%
  Leprosy88·1%77·6%85·3%99·3%
   Other infectious diseases3·7%2·1%0·0%4·3%

Non-communicable diseases 98·4% 99·5% 98·4% 99·5%

Neoplasms 73·9% 74·5% 69·1% 82·4%

  Oesophageal cancer65·4%68·1%61·2%76·1%
  Stomach cancer65·4%69·1%61·7%76·6%
  Liver cancer66·5%71·3%63·8%78·7%
   Liver cancer due to hepatitis B17·0%17·6%9·6%24·5%
   Liver cancer due to hepatitis C17·6%17·6%10·1%24·5%
   Liver cancer due to alcohol use6·9%9·6%6·4%11·2%
   Liver cancer due to other causes3·7%5·3%4·3%5·9%
  Larynx cancer65·4%68·1%61·2%75·5%
  Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer65·4%69·1%61·7%76·6%
  Breast cancer66·0%69·1%61·7%76·6%
  Cervical cancer65·4%69·1%61·2%76·6%
  Uterine cancer65·4%68·6%61·7%76·6%
  Prostate cancer65·4%69·1%61·7%76·6%
  Colon and rectum cancer65·4%69·1%61·2%76·1%
  Lip and oral cavity cancer60·1%66·5%60·1%75·0%
  Nasopharynx cancer60·1%66·0%60·1%74·5%
  Other pharynx cancer60·1%66·0%60·1%74·5%
  Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer60·1%66·0%60·1%74·5%
  Pancreatic cancer60·6%67·6%60·6%75·0%
  Malignant skin melanoma62·2%67·0%60·6%75·0%
  Non-melanoma skin cancer60·1%68·1%62·2%75·0%
  Ovarian cancer60·6%66·5%61·2%74·5%
  Testicular cancer60·6%66·5%60·1%74·5%
  Kidney cancer60·6%66·5%60·1%74·5%
  Bladder cancer60·6%67·0%60·6%74·5%
  Brain and nervous system cancer60·6%67·6%61·2%75·0%
  Thyroid cancer60·6%66·0%60·1%74·5%
  Mesothelioma53·7%64·4%58·0%73·9%
  Hodgkin’s lymphoma60·6%66·5%60·1%74·5%
  Non-Hodgkin lymphoma60·6%67·6%60·6%75·5%
  Multiple myeloma60·6%67·0%60·6%75·0%
  Leukaemia66·0%69·1%62·2%77·1%
  Other neoplasms66·0%69·1%62·8%77·7%

Cardiovascular diseases 71·3% 76·6% 69·1% 86·2%

  Rheumatic heart disease15·4%19·1%18·6%34·0%
  Ischaemic heart disease21·8%42·6%13·8%50·0%
  Cerebrovascular disease63·8%64·9%63·3%75·5%
   Ischaemic stroke59·0%64·4%62·8%73·9%
   Haemorrhagic stroke59·6%64·4%62·2%73·4%
   Hypertensive heart disease11·7%10·1%8·5%18·6%
   Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis12·8%22·9%19·1%30·9%
   Atrial fibrillation and flutter8·5%10·6%5·9%13·3%
   Peripheral vascular disease3·7%9·0%4·3%11·7%
   Endocarditis5·9%16·0%14·4%17·6%
   Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases0·0%0·5%0·5%0·5%

Chronic respiratory diseases 38·3% 64·9% 32·4% 68·6%

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease11·7%17·0%9·0%22·3%
  Pneumoconiosis2·7%13·3%13·3%15·4%
   Silicosis2·7%13·3%13·3%15·4%
   Asbestosis11·8%17·6%17·6%23·5%
   Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis5·7%20·0%20·0%22·9%
   Other pneumoconiosis1·6%12·2%11·7%13·3%
  Asthma34·6%64·9%25·0%68·6
  Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis8·0%16·5%13·8%18·1%
  Other chronic respiratory diseases........

Cirrhosis 15·4% 19·1% 18·1% 29·3%

  Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B10·6%6·9%4·3%14·9%
  Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C12·8%7·4%4·3%16·5%
  Cirrhosis due to alcohol use6·9%5·3%3·7%9·6%
  Cirrhosis due to other causes5·3%5·3%4·3%8·5%

Digestive diseases 19·7% 25·0% 18·6% 30·3%

  Peptic ulcer disease5·3%14·4%14·9%17·0%
  Gastritis and duodenitis2·7%13·8%13·8%15·4%
  Appendicitis2·1%13·3%13·8%14·9%
  Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction3·2%15·4%13·8%17·0%
  Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia2·1%13·3%13·8%14·9%
  Inflammatory bowel disease12·8%14·4%6·4%19·1%
  Vascular intestinal disorders2·1%13·3%13·8%14·9%
  Gallbladder and biliary diseases10·6%16·5%14·4%22·3%
  Pancreatitis4·8%14·9%14·9%16·0%
  Other digestive diseases........

Neurological disorders 46·3% 37·2% 28·7% 55·3%

  Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias18·6%15·4%12·2%22·3%
  Parkinson’s disease18·1%14·9%7·4%23·4%
  Epilepsy21·3%16·0%3·7%28·2%
  Multiple sclerosis21·3%16·0%7·4%26·1%
  Migraine16·0%13·3%11·7%25·0%
  Tension-type headache9·0%6·4%10·6%19·1%
  Medication overuse headache3·2%4·8%9·0%11·2%
  Other neurological disorders8·5%3·2%0·0%9·0%

Mental and substance use disorders 37·8% 58·5% 35·6% 67·6%

  Schizophrenia17·0%9·0%3·7%19·1%
  Alcohol use disorders19·7%28·7%14·9%31·4%
  Drug use disorders20·7%47·3%26·1%51·6%
   Opioid use disorders12·8%17·6%2·7%19·7%
   Cocaine use disorders6·9%31·9%5·9%34·6%
   Amphetamine use disorders6·4%23·9%8·0%27·7%
   Cannabis use disorders16·0%42·0%20·7%46·8%
   Other drug use disorders........
  Depressive disorders19·7%23·9%11·2%33·0%
   Major depressive disorder19·7%23·9%11·2%33·0%
   Dysthymia9·0%13·8%5·3%18·6%
  Bipolar disorder8·5%16·0%3·7%18·6%
  Anxiety disorders12·8%21·8%5·3%26·1%
  Eating disorders10·6%12·2%4·3%14·9%
   Anorexia nervosa10·1%12·2%4·3%14·4%
   Bulimia nervosa8·5%11·7%3·2%14·9%
  Autistic spectrum disorders5·3%5·9%3·7%9·6%
   Autism5·3%5·3%3·7%9·6%
   Asperger’s syndrome1·6%4·8%1·6%5·3%
  Attention-deficit or hyperactivity disorder10·6%10·1%4·8%19·1%
  Conduct disorder5·9%6·4%1·6%11·2%
  Idiopathic intellectual disability6·4%3·2%1·1%7·4%
  Other mental and substance use disorders0·5%0·5%0·0%1·1%

Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases 97·9% 98·4% 92·0% 98·4%

  Diabetes mellitus36·7%35·1%33·5%58·5%
  Acute glomerulonephritis5·3%18·1%5·9%19·1%
  Chronic kidney disease79·8%82·4%75·5%89·4%
   Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus6·9%8·5%19·1%27·1%
   Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension6·9%11·7%19·1%28·7%
   Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis5·9%7·4%19·1%26·1%
   Chronic kidney disease due to other causes3·2%5·9%19·1%24·5%
   Urinary diseases and male infertility15·4%21·3%17·6%28·7%
   Interstitial nephritis and urinary tract infections2·1%13·3%13·8%14·9%
   Urolithiasis8·5%18·1%16·0%20·2%
   Benign prostatic hyperplasia6·9%16·0%14·4%19·7%
   Male infertility due to other causes5·3%3·2%1·6%8·0%
   Other urinary diseases........
  Gynaecological diseases66·0%95·2%22·9%95·2%
   Uterine fibroids2·1%3·2%4·8%6·9%
   Polycystic ovarian syndrome2·1%4·8%3·2%8·0%
   Female infertility due to other causes5·3%3·2%1·6%8·0%
   Endometriosis3·7%3·7%4·8%6·4%
   Genital prolapse3·2%3·7%0·5%8·0%
   Premenstrual syndrome64·4%95·2%6·9%95·2%
   Other gynaecological diseases1·6%13·3%13·8%14·9%
  Haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias97·9%97·9%60·1%97·9%
   Thalassaemias87·2%87·2%38·8%87·2%
   Thalassaemia trait1·1%0·0%0·0%1·1%
   Sickle cell disorders96·3%96·8%52·1%96·8%
   Sickle cell trait0·5%0·0%0·0%0·5%
   Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency39·9%24·5%5·3%46·3%
   Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency trait0·5%0·5%0·5%1·6%
   Other haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias........
  Endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders1·6%13·3%13·8%14·9%

Musculoskeletal disorders 22·9% 44·1% 20·2% 51·1%

  Rheumatoid arthritis16·5%13·8%9·6%24·5%
  Osteoarthritis10·6%10·1%7·4%18·1%
   Low back and neck pain12·8%41·5%13·3%46·3%
    Low back pain12·8%40·4%12·2%46·3%
    Neck pain6·4%12·8%3·2%15·4%
  Gout11·2%9·6%4·8%18·1%
  Other musculoskeletal disorders6·4%5·9%2·1%10·1%

Other non-communicable diseases 58·5% 61·2% 47·9% 75·0%

  Congenital anomalies26·6%28·7%21·3%32·4%
   Neural tube defects14·4%20·2%20·7%22·3%
   Congenital heart anomalies20·7%22·9%20·7%25·5%
   Orofacial clefts21·8%24·5%20·7%25·5%
   Down’s syndrome21·8%23·9%20·7%25·5%
   Turner’s syndrome8·0%10·1%10·1%10·6%
   Klinefelter’s syndrome8·5%10·6%10·6%11·2%
   Chromosomal unbalanced rearrangements20·7%23·4%20·7%25·5%
   Other congenital anomalies11·2%9·6%1·6%16·5%

Skin and subcutaneous diseases 35·1% 46·8% 30·9% 51·1%

  Dermatitis32·4%39·9%20·2%43·6%
  Psoriasis4·8%9·0%4·8%13·8%
  Cellulitis1·6%12·8%13·3%14·4%
  Bacterial skin diseases3·7%18·6%15·4%21·8%
  Scabies8·5%9·0%5·9%16·5%
  Fungal skin diseases2·7%8·5%5·9%12·2%
  Viral skin diseases6·4%7·4%5·3%12·8%
  Acne vulgaris5·9%6·9%5·9%13·8%
  Alopecia areata2·1%2·7%2·1%4·8%
  Pruritus2·1%3·7%3·2%6·9%
  Urticaria3·2%4·3%3·2%8·5%
  Decubitus ulcer2·1%12·8%13·3%14·4%
  Other skin and subcutaneous diseases0·5%0·5%0·5%0·5%

Sense organ diseases 22·3% 27·7% 14·4% 45·7%

  Glaucoma14·9%10·6%6·9%23·4%
  Cataract17·0%19·1%11·7%36·7%
  Macular degeneration12·2%12·2%6·9%23·9%
  Uncorrected refractive error0·0%0·0%3·2%3·2%
  Age-related and other hearing loss12·2%11·2%2·1%18·1%
  Other vision loss8·5%7·4%3·7%16·0%
  Other sense organ diseases0·5%0·5%0·5%0·5%

Oral disorders 39·4% 30·9% 25·0% 51·1%

  Deciduous caries28·7%21·3%17·6%42·6%
  Permanent caries29·3%21·3%16·0%41·0%
  Periodontal diseases18·6%12·8%5·3%25·5%
  Edentulism and severe tooth loss9·6%9·0%9·0%16·0%
  Other oral disorders0·5%0·5%0·5%0·5%

Injuries 94·7% 94·7% 94·7% 96·3%

Transport injuries 2·7% 34·0% 17·0% 42·6%

  Road injuries2·7%34·0%16·5%42·0%
   Pedestrian road injuries1·1%4·3%8·0%8·0%
   Cyclist road injuries1·1%4·8%7·4%8·0%
   Motorcyclist road injuries1·1%4·3%7·4%7·4%
   Motor vehicle road injuries1·1%4·8%7·4%8·0%
   Other road injuries1·1%4·3%7·4%7·4%
  Other transport injuries1·1%4·3%8·5%8·5%

Unintentional injuries 3·2% 12·2% 13·8% 20·2%

  Falls2·1%10·6%13·3%18·1%
  Drowning1·1%7·4%9·6%11·7%
  Fire, heat, and hot substances2·7%9·0%12·2%16·0%
  Poisonings1·6%8·5%11·2%14·9%
  Exposure to mechanical forces1·6%8·5%9·6%13·8%
   Unintentional firearm injuries1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Unintentional suffocation0·5%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Other exposure to mechanical forces1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Adverse effects of medical treatment1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
  Animal contact2·1%8·5%11·7%15·4%
   Venomous animal contact1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Non-venomous animal contact1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
  Foreign body1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Foreign body in pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Foreign body in eyes1·1%2·7%4·8%4·8%
   Foreign body in other body part1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
  Other unintentional injuries2·7%10·6%11·7%18·1%

Self-harm and interpersonal violence 2·1% 9·0% 13·3% 16·5%

  Self-harm1·1%7·4%11·7%12·8%
  Interpersonal violence2·1%8·5%12·2%16·0%
   Assault by firearm1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Assault by sharp object1·1%4·8%8·5%8·5%
   Assault by other means1·1%2·1%3·7%3·7%

Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention 100·0% 98·3% 98·9% 100·0%

  Exposure to forces of nature100·0%98·8%99·4%100·0%
  Collective violence and legal intervention100·0%99·1%99·1%100·0%
GBD 2013=Global Burden of Diseases 2013 Study.