Table 10

Prevalent cases and YLDs for 2013, percentage change, and percentage change of age-standardised rates between 1990 and 2013 for all causes
Prevalent cases in 2013 (× 1000)Percentage change in prevalence from 1990 to 2013Percentage change in age-standardised prevalence from 1990 to 2013YLDs in 2013 (× 1000)Percentage change in YLDs from 1990 to 2013Percentage change in age-standardised YLDs from 1990 to 2013
All causes ...... 764 804·4 (572 379·6 to 990 467·0) 42·3* (40·2 to 44·3) −3·9* (−5·1 to −3·0)

Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases ...... 101 495·1 (71 533·1 to 138 458·0) 7·6* (4·0 to 11·8) −15·2* (−18·0 to −12·2)

HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis ......7733·3 (5494·4 to 10 077·9)125·4* (113·7 to 141·0)47·1* (39·5 to 57·4)

  Tuberculosis12 111·8 (11 791·6 to 12 452·0)51·6* (49·3 to 54·0)−1·9* (−3·3 to −0·3)3669·7 (2519·7 to 4889·1)51·9* (48·6 to 55·2)−1·3 (−3·4 to 0·7)
  HIV/AIDS......4063·7 (2918·9 to 5327·4)301·7* (259·4 to 354·3)171·5* (142·0 to 208·7)
   HIV/AIDS resulting in mycobacterial infection724·7 (496·0 to 922·5)275·7* (221·2 to 335·0)144·0* (107·3 to 184·1)268·3 (162·5 to 388·6)275·5* (218·1 to 335·1)144·6* (104·9 to 185·4)
   HIV/AIDS resulting in other diseases28 506·6 (27 415·1 to 30 970·4)234·1* (217·8 to 262·8)134·5* (122·8 to 154·8)3795·3 (2726·7 to 4974·6)304·1* (257·2 to 361·0)174·0* (140·9 to 214·3)

Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases ...... 14 339·7 (10 108·4 to 19 541·9) 0·2 (−2·8 to 4·6) −18·5* (−18·5 to −13·6)

  Diarrhoeal diseases42 409·6 (41 769·5 to 43 170·2)−6·9* (−8·9 to −4·7)−18·3* (−20·1 to −16·4)6854·2 (4701·9 to 9415·3)−6·9* (−9·2 to −4·7)−18·0* (−19·9 to −16·0)
  Intestinal infectious diseases......203·7 (138·5 to 281·4)−23·3* (−32·2 to −12·9)−35·7* (−43·1 to −27·3)
   Typhoid fever1198·3 (1103·3 to 1300·6)−19·9* (−30·7 to −6·5)−33·3* (−41·9 to −22·4)158·6 (109·0 to 223·3)−19·0* (−30·5 to −4·2)−32·3* (−41·8 to −20·5)
   Paratyphoid fever735·9 (640·4 to 836·9)−27·9* (−41·8 to −12·8)−39·1* (−50·9 to −26·5)38·3 (24·0 to 57·6)−27·1* (−41·6 to −9·7)−38·4* (−50·3 to −23·9)
   Other intestinal infectious diseases......6·8 (3·2 to 13·4)−61·0* (−67·6 to −51·8)−67·4* (−72·9 to −59·7)
  Lower respiratory infections4473·3 (4374·7 to 4554·2)−12·8* (−15·7 to −10·7)−25·5* (−27·9 to −23·8)460·9 (310·5 to 642·7)−14·1* (−17·4 to −11·7)−26·1* (−28·9 to −24·2)
  Upper respiratory infections244 327·5 (240 789·6 to 247 629·2)38·4* (35·7 to 41·5)6·3* (4·2 to 8·6)2863·1 (1597·9 to 4763·5)38·4* (35·4 to 41·6)6·6* (4·4 to 9·0)
  Otitis media85 228·0 (82 190·3 to 88 667·4)14·4* (11·9 to 16·9)−11·1* (−12·9 to −9·1)1696·4 (1017·6 to 2697·9)14·4* (11·4 to 17·6)−10·1* (−12·2 to −7·7)
  Meningitis......1679·1 (1165·8 to 2259·6)−11·7* (−15·5 to −7·9)−31·4* (−34·4 to −27·8)
   Pneumococcal7805·6 (4929·9 to 11 605·5)−5·5 (−11·3 to 1·8)−30·7* (−34·7 to −25·6)698·1 (494·1 to 917·8)−5·2 (−11·5 to 3·4)−27·6* (−32·1 to −20·9)
   Haemophilus influenzae type B3246·2 (1373·4 to 5962·2)−19·1* (−26·4 to −12·0)−38·5* (−43·6 to −32·2)375·5 (258·8 to 510·3)−13·7* (−20·5 to −3·3)−31·0* (−36·3 to −22·3)
   Meningococcal1321·2 (490·6 to 2847·6)−19·9* (−28·5 to −12·0)−40·9* (−46·6 to −34·5)167·3 (106·3 to 251·6)−17·1* (−25·0 to −8·0)−37·2* (−42·5 to −29·3)
   Other meningitis3595·2 (1901·7 to 6305·8)−20·2* (−27·9 to −12·9)−39·6* (−44·9 to −33·2)438·3 (299·2 to 604·2)−17·4* (−23·3 to −11·9)−35·2* (−39·7 to −30·7)
  Encephalitis1739·8 (795·7 to 4003·7)3·1 (−16·5 to 12·6)−27·5* (−41·1 to −21·1)229·1 (159·9 to 305·7)10·8* (4·7 to 17·9)−20·6* (−25·0 to −15·4)
  Diphtheria1·1 (0·7 to 2·0)−62·1* (−83·4 to −15·4)−65·7* (−84·6 to −25·0)0·1 (0·0 to 0·2)−62·1* (−83·5 to −14·8)−65·8* (−84·6 to −25·0)
  Whooping cough2532·5 (1965·7 to 3239·2)−30·0* (−30·6 to −29·4)−32·5* (−33·1 to −31·8)125·5 (73·0 to 200·7)−30·0* (−31·9 to −27·7)−32·4* (−34·3 to −30·2)
  Tetanus177·1 (117·5 to 265·7)−87·1* (−92·5 to −77·9)−90·1* (−94·2 to −82·9)13·2 (8·5 to 21·3)−78·2* (−85·4 to −64·5)−82·2* (−88·2 to −71·0)
  Measles192·4 (150·4 to 242·9)−77·1* (−79·2 to −74·9)−78·0* (−80·1 to −75·9)17·3 (10·2 to 26·7)−77·1* (−80·0 to −73·8)−78·0* (−80·8 to −74·8)
  Varicella and herpes zoster5715·8 (5587·6 to 5835·3)28·4* (25·5 to 31·7)−2·4 (−4·9 to 0·3)197·2 (122·1 to 299·2)47·6* (41·1 to 54·5)−1·8 (−5·7 to 2·7)

Neglected tropical diseases and malaria ...... 20 100·7 (13 202·4 to 28 946·1) −3·3 (−10·2 to 6·7) −28·7* (−33·1 to −23·0)

  Malaria351 051·1 (344 772·1 to 358 013·6)30·8* (28·4 to 33·2)3·0* (1·1 to 4·9)3170·5 (2132·3 to 4591·9)30·1* (25·2 to 35·0)7·8* (3·7 to 11·9)
  Chagas disease9433·9 (9241·1 to 9628·4)22·4* (19·5 to 25·7)−16·3* (−18·3 to −14·0)97·5 (64·9 to 137·0)33·6* (28·8 to 39·1)−17·4* (−20·2 to −14·2)
  Leishmaniasis......49·7 (25·5 to 90·4)134·7* (107·8 to 165·0)75·8* (58·0 to 97·3)
   Visceral113·7 (94·1 to 140·9)35·1* (17·1 to 54·9)14·4 (−0·4 to 30·5)8·0 (5·2 to 12·3)35·8* (14·6 to 61·8)15·2 (−2·5 to 36·7)
   Cutaneous and mucocutaneous3914·8 (3300·4 to 4669·6)174·2* (144·5 to 209·2)95·3* (75·2 to 119·9)41·7 (19·0 to 80·1)175·1* (146·0 to 210·9)97·1* (76·6 to 122·4)
  African trypanosomiasis19·7 (10·6 to 34·3)−71·1* (−75·3 to −65·9)−79·5* (−82·4 to −75·8)5·4 (2·6 to 9·5)−70·7* (−75·3 to −64·5)−79·1* (−82·3 to −74·7)
  Schistosomiasis290 627·9 (252 098·7 to 337 576·1)30·9* (22·9 to 51·9)−3·7 (−9·7 to 11·8)2861·7 (1483·6 to 5467·2)34·1* (26·4 to 55·4)0·3 (−5·6 to 16·3)
  Cysticercosis1030·8 (901·4 to 1185·6)−26·3* (−37·3 to −10·0)−50·2* (−57·5 to −39·0)310·4 (212·2 to 409·5)−20·9* (−33·9 to −3·0)−46·5* (−55·1 to −34·4)
  Cystic echinococcosis849·2 (822·5 to 893·2)−15·4* (−17·0 to −12·9)−42·4* (−43·5 to −40·8)79·2 (54·9 to 110·3)−15·3* (−18·9 to −11·0)−42·0* (−44·3 to −39·2)
  Lymphatic filariasis43 850·0 (36 940·8 to 52 905·8)−32·1* (−39·1 to −24·7)−53·3* (−58·0 to −48·4)2022·1 (1096·3 to 3294·4)5·9 (−15·7 to 26·4)−32·3* (−46·0 to −19·3)
  Onchocerciasis16 956·4 (11 477·5 to 26 789·4)−31·2* (−39·8 to −21·9)−51·5* (−57·6 to −45·3)1179·8 (556·6 to 1992·7)−25·4* (−37·0 to −10·9)−48·9* (−57·7 to −38·4)
  Trachoma2428·8 (1924·2 to 2981·2)−39·2* (−46·3 to −30·1)−65·4* (−69·5 to −60·3)171·2 (115·3 to 241·7)−37·2* (−43·0 to −30·4)−64·2* (−67·5 to −60·5)
  Dengue3485·5 (1283·7 to 7818·6)610·9* (606·3 to 615·5)447·3* (443·6 to 450·9)565·9 (186·4 to 1414·6)607·2* (558·4 to 659·5)446·8* (411·3 to 486·8)
  Yellow fever2·1 (0·7 to 4·9)−59·8* (−63·7 to −54·3)−68·3* (−71·4 to −64·0)0·1 (0·0 to 0·2)−59·8* (−63·7 to −54·3)−68·3* (−71·4 to −64·0)
  Rabies0·9 (0·7 to 1·1)−39·8* (−54·3 to −27·3)−55·2* (−65·1 to −46·1)0·1 (0·1 to 0·2)−39·8* (−54·3 to −27·2)−55·2* (−65·1 to −46·1)
  Intestinal nematode infections......3691·6 (2185·8 to 5801·7)−46·0* (−50·6 to −41·4)−58·8* (−62·3 to −55·3)
   Ascariasis804 370·1 (713 417·5 to 922 212·1)−25·5* (−37·8 to −10·4)−44·8* (−54·2 to −33·1)933·9 (516·6 to 1576·1)−74·2* (−77·4 to −70·6)−80·1* (−82·5 to −77·3)
   Trichuriasis477 374·4 (441 256·8 to 518 365·1)−11·6 (−28·7 to 4·9)−34·4* (−47·8 to −21·0)576·0 (310·1 to 972·6)−27·6* (−39·4 to −10·4)−45·9* (−55·0 to −32·8)
   Hookworm disease471 816·2 (437 049·6 to 511 318·8)−5·1 (−20·2 to 9·7)−30·1* (−41·6 to −18·4)2181·7 (1338·6 to 3354·5)−10·9* (−17·3 to −4·4)−32·9* (−38·0 to −27·7)
  Food-borne trematodiases80 194·5 (64 648·1 to 96 212·4)51·1* (44·2 to 59·7)−0·1 (−4·8 to 5·6)3634·8 (1160·2 to 7692·4)50·1* (40·6 to 60·0)−1·8 (−8·1 to 4·9)
  Other neglected tropical diseases59 705·9 (58 703·5 to 61 020·1)−5·0 (−11·0 to 1·6)−18·3* (−23·3 to −12·8)2260·7 (1473·6 to 3358·6)−8·9* (−13·4 to −0·1)−20·6* (−25·0 to −12·8)

Maternal disorders ...... 1341·8 (924·5 to 1824·3) 18·4* (8·2 to 27·4) −15·0* (−21·9 to −8·4)

  Maternal haemorrhage2027·4 (1932·4 to 2119·8)30·5* (22·2 to 39·2)−2·1 (−8·1 to 4·4)69·5 (47·4 to 97·5)11·2 (−0·7 to 22·5)−16·4* (−25·2 to −8·1)
  Maternal sepsis and other maternal infections1781·4 (1235·4 to 2515·9)−13·5* (−23·5 to −5·0)−41·6* (−47·7 to −35·6)21·4 (11·6 to 36·3)−22·4* (−35·3 to −9·7)−43·2* (−51·8 to −34·5)
  Maternal hypertensive disorders1277·6 (756·3 to 1978·8)3·5 (−0·4 to 10·2)−21·3* (−23·8 to −17·2)64·7 (31·5 to 112·8)2·9 (−2·8 to 9·7)−21·8* (−25·6 to −17·3)
  Obstructed labour2902·1 (2600·1 to 3222·1)20·4* (12·9 to 27·5)−14·8* (−19·8 to −10·2)951·5 (641·5 to 1304·0)20·9* (12·3 to 30·3)−14·3* (−20·1 to −8·0)
  Complications of abortion21·8 (14·6 to 29·7)11·5* (1·8 to 20·9)−16·9* (−24·0 to −10·1)2·5 (1·4 to 4·0)12·0* (2·0 to 22·3)−16·6* (−23·8 to −9·1)
  Other maternal disorders......232·2 (155·8 to 343·7)22·1 (−14·3 to 62·2)−10·5 (−37·3 to 18·5)

Neonatal disorders ...... 12 648·8 (92 91·4 to 16 262·6) 130·9* (108·5 to 158·7) 80·5* (63·1 to 101·7)

  Preterm birth complications56 272·0 (49 504·6 to 64 204·4)165·4* (143·0 to 192·5)98·9* (81·9 to 118·4)6689·7 (4914·1 to 8643·6)187·6* (166·9 to 210·3)119·4* (104·2 to 136·9)
  Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma22 858·6 (11 831·4 to 38 618·7)3·4 (−18·7 to 53·4)−20·5 (−37·6 to 19·2)2388·1 (1783·6 to 3153·0)57·1* (32·4 to 84·0)25·6* (5·4 to 48·1)
  Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections50·3 (16·5 to 106·6)110·0* (100·0 to 127·5)107·7* (97·8 to 125·0)6·6 (2·0 to 15·0)110·3* (97·4 to 128·1)108·1* (95·3 to 125·7)
  Haemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice4999·3 (3893·0 to 6792·3)132·9* (66·8 to 276·7)84·2* (33·6 to 197·8)1606·8 (1122·3 to 2234·6)112·4* (61·1 to 220·9)66·7* (28·2 to 151·9)
  Other neonatal disorders......1957·6 (1334·4 to 2698·5)128·8* (82·2 to 189·1)80·3* (43·8 to 126·6)

Nutritional deficiencies ...... 41 765·3 (27 678·6 to 60 351·7) −9·4* (−12·0 to −7·0) −26·1* (−27·8 to −24·5)

  Protein-energy malnutrition20 756·9 (16 985·3 to 25 759·4)−13·2 (−34·7 to 16·1)−16·7 (−37·0 to 11·6)2574·3 (1588·3 to 3920·3)−13·0 (−34·9 to 16·9)−16·3 (−37·0 to 12·3)
  Iodine deficiency115 602·4 (110 007·2 to 120 997·1)−11·4* (−16·8 to −5·4)−37·0* (−40·9 to −32·5)2075·0 (1294·6 to 3291·9)−11·4* (−17·1 to −5·4)−36·7* (−40·8 to −32·3)
  Vitamin A deficiency3372·4 (2732·4 to 3926·3)−19·4* (−24·4 to −14·6)−34·9* (−39·3 to −31·1)153·7 (99·0 to 224·9)−22·9* (−28·7 to −16·9)−39·1* (−44·1 to −33·5)
  Iron-deficiency anaemia1 208 216·4 (1 205 927·2 to 1 210 477·8)−0·2 (−0·6 to 0·1)−21·9* (−22·2 to −21·7)36 663·5 (24 371·0 to 53 084·7)−8·6* (−9·8 to −7·1)−25·8* (−26·7 to −24·9)
  Other nutritional deficiencies......298·8 (157·9 to 535·4)−43·8* (−63·9 to −10·0)−45·7* (−65·2 to −13·1)

Other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases ...... 3565·4 (2282·3 to 5460·0) 9·7* (5·6 to 15·8) −13·4* (−15·8 to −9·9)

  Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV......1383·8 (830·1 to 2404·6)38·0* (33·1 to 42·5)−2·6 (−5·6 to 0·5)
   Syphilis315·2 (306·5 to 324·5)1·5 (−2·5 to 6·4)−37·1* (−39·5 to −34·3)58·4 (39·6 to 81·8)1·5 (−5·3 to 9·9)−36·9* (−40·8 to −32·0)
   Chlamydial infection147 846·5 (144 169·7 to 151 027·5)29·5* (24·8 to 33·4)−5·5* (−8·8 to −2·8)646·5 (411·0 to 1019·4)37·1* (31·0 to 43·3)0·4 (−4·2 to 4·8)
   Gonococcal infection32 726·1 (31 162·7 to 34 316·7)38·8* (29·6 to 47·6)4·8 (−2·0 to 11·4)225·4 (144·8 to 344·1)43·4* (29·1 to 61·0)7·9 (−2·6 to 20·9)
   Trichomoniasis67 075·9 (62 762·6 to 72 764·6)45·6* (33·3 to 62·3)4·0 (−4·4 to 15·6)113·9 (45·1 to 242·9)45·5* (32·3 to 64·1)4·2 (−4·9 to 16·9)
   Genital herpes1 176 494·5 (1 160 277·4 to 1 194 517·2)47·6* (44·7 to 50·6)−5·3* (−7·1 to −3·5)311·6 (98·3 to 748·5)45·7* (40·8 to 49·6)−4·8* (−6·8 to −2·6)
   Other sexually transmitted diseases1248·2 (971·7 to 1612·4)1·9 (−4·1 to 10·2)−31·9* (−35·8 to −26·5)27·9 (19·0 to 40·2)20·0* (9·2 to 32·4)−16·9* (−24·3 to −8·1)
  Hepatitis......444·1 (290·5 to 641·1)14·9* (12·1 to 17·5)−17·3* (−19·4 to −15·3)
   Hepatitis A7823·9 (7532·8 to 8115·3)11·9* (11·3 to 12·5)−5·8* (−6·1 to −5·3)198·0 (128·3 to 287·8)25·9* (22·9 to 29·1)−0·9 (−3·5 to 2·0)
   Hepatitis B331 037·0 (325 359·6 to 336 638·4)−5·5* (−7·9 to −3·4)−32·1* (−33·7 to −30·6)172·6 (112·0 to 247·4)2·2 (−2·3 to 6·7)−31·8* (−35·0 to −28·6)
   Hepatitis C147 826·3 (145 520·7 to 150 080·2)16·0* (13·6 to 18·5)−23·3* (−24·8 to −21·7)16·9 (11·0 to 24·3)15·5* (10·0 to 21·4)−21·2* (−25·1 to −17·1)
   Hepatitis E2188·2 (2083·3 to 2311·9)18·4* (11·3 to 26·9)−10·9* (−16·2 to −4·6)56·6 (36·3 to 82·1)22·9* (12·1 to 34·4)−8·6* (−16·4 to −0·0)
  Leprosy658·8 (613·6 to 707·5)61·3* (54·0 to 69·6)−1·5 (−6·0 to 3·5)39·7 (26·6 to 56·0)73·4* (61·0 to 86·6)5·7 (−1·5 to 13·4)
  Other infectious diseases49 759·6 (48 625·5 to 51 029·0)−4·9* (−7·8 to −2·0)−20·6* (−22·9 to −18·2)1697·9 (1130·0 to 2469·8)−7·5* (−11·7 to −1·1)−19·8* (−23·4 to −14·6)

Non-communicable diseases ...... 626 477·7 (465 287·7 to 806 573·8) 54·2* (53·0 to 55·8) 1·4* (0·7 to 2·2)

Neoplasms ...... 6763·9 (4989·2 to 8715·9) 82·5* (75·4 to 90·8) 8·5* (4·4 to 13·5)

  Oesophageal cancer840·5 (706·3 to 1015·2)56·2* (30·8 to 90·0)−9·5 (−24·2 to 9·9)125·7 (88·9 to 167·2)49·6* (30·2 to 72·8)−13·6* (−24·4 to −0·3)
  Stomach cancer2532·1 (2347·7 to 2736·5)36·1* (25·8 to 47·4)−21·0* (−26·9 to −14·7)290·4 (209·4 to 368·1)28·2* (19·1 to 38·3)−25·7* (−30·9 to −20·0)
  Liver cancer......190·6 (133·3 to 253·2)76·9* (55·6 to 102·0)4·5 (−7·6 to 19·0)
   Liver cancer due to hepatitis B450·9 (373·3 to 538·8)91·2* (48·7 to 150·7)14·2 (−10·8 to 48·5)67·0 (46·3 to 89·9)70·7* (44·5 to 102·0)2·0 (−13·6 to 20·5)
   Liver cancer due to hepatitis C512·6 (438·6 to 599·8)367·6* (284·7 to 478·2)168·7* (120·7 to 230·0)74·6 (52·6 to 99·9)310·5* (256·5 to 378·5)135·7* (106·8 to 174·3)
   Liver cancer due to alcohol use197·2 (168·7 to 226·8)10·2 (−8·8 to 34·4)−35·8* (−46·5 to −22·2)29·9 (20·7 to 40·1)2·0 (−10·3 to 16·3)−40·4* (−47·6 to −32·1)
   Liver cancer due to other causes121·5 (102·1 to 143·0)−1·0 (−23·1 to 22·3)−40·7* (−54·1 to −27·0)19·1 (13·1 to 25·6)−9·8 (−24·0 to 4·4)−45·8* (−54·2 to −37·5)
  Larynx cancer899·8 (749·7 to 1069·8)41·6* (30·2 to 58·1)−16·6* (−23·0 to −7·1)86·0 (60·0 to 115·2)32·8* (22·0 to 49·6)−22·0* (−28·3 to −12·4)
  Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer3227·4 (3039·7 to 3426·8)72·2* (61·9 to 82·1)0·8 (−5·4 to 6·5)467·4 (338·5 to 593·2)64·6* (54·9 to 72·9)−3·7 (−9·3 to 1·2)
  Breast cancer18 419·0 (17 740·6 to 19 141·4)126·9* (115·5 to 139·4)29·7* (23·5 to 36·5)1068·2 (760·8 to 1428·1)100·7* (86·6 to 114·3)15·7* (7·8 to 23·2)
  Cervical cancer3180·8 (2623·1 to 3599·0)7·2 (−5·4 to 21·9)−35·2* (−42·6 to −26·8)243·8 (169·8 to 333·0)8·3 (−3·5 to 22·3)−34·6* (−41·7 to −26·6)
  Uterine cancer2960·8 (2307·9 to 3516·4)66·5* (39·0 to 97·8)−3·8 (−19·0 to 13·3)193·7 (123·7 to 273·6)62·9* (36·4 to 92·1)−6·0 (−20·6 to 9·8)
  Prostate cancer11 135·9 (10 002·5 to 13 123·4)178·8* (158·1 to 212·7)56·0* (44·6 to 75·0)893·7 (656·7 to 1192·5)164·2* (142·0 to 208·3)48·2* (35·8 to 72·9)
  Colon and rectum cancer8591·6 (8252·7 to 8917·0)107·2* (97·8 to 115·6)18·4* (13·1 to 23·2)701·9 (512·7 to 899·1)95·5* (86·5 to 104·1)11·5* (6·3 to 16·5)
  Lip and oral cavity cancer2416·5 (2044·4 to 2782·1)76·8* (56·3 to 103·4)2·9 (−9·0 to 18·2)206·9 (145·2 to 278·3)72·3* (52·9 to 98·2)0·0 (−11·1 to 14·6)
  Nasopharynx cancer501·1 (422·3 to 596·2)29·7* (5·8 to 58·5)−21·1* (−35·7 to −4·0)47·9 (33·1 to 64·3)25·9* (5·6 to 49·6)−23·5* (−36·0 to −9·4)
  Other pharynx cancer752·5 (644·9 to 857·1)81·2* (53·9 to 109·4)4·7 (−10·9 to 20·6)66·0 (45·5 to 88·5)75·5* (51·3 to 101·5)1·4 (−12·6 to 16·3)
  Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer158·3 (135·9 to 177·6)46·7* (29·3 to 62·7)−17·1* (−27·2 to −8·0)39·1 (27·0 to 52·1)39·8* (22·7 to 54·9)−20·5* (−30·6 to −11·5)
  Pancreatic cancer384·3 (355·9 to 412·9)100·5* (84·2 to 117·8)14·3* (5·2 to 24·5)73·6 (52·1 to 96·2)92·1* (80·6 to 103·7)9·9* (3·1 to 16·8)
  Malignant skin melanoma2341·5 (1808·4 to 3151·3)87·9* (65·9 to 107·1)13·9* (0·5 to 24·9)137·9 (91·7 to 205·0)80·8* (59·5 to 99·7)9·1 (−3·8 to 20·2)
  Non-melanoma skin cancer5529·6 (4962·1 to 6204·9)108·8* (78·8 to 141·7)18·2* (0·3 to 36·9)126·2 (82·5 to 188·1)152·8* (116·5 to 200·2)42·5* (21·3 to 70·3)
  Ovarian cancer1053·8 (975·7 to 1145·0)68·3* (56·1 to 82·3)−0·9 (−8·1 to 7·0)134·9 (97·0 to 174·6)65·1* (52·0 to 79·7)−2·9 (−10·7 to 4·8)
  Testicular cancer556·0 (423·6 to 681·0)60·8* (32·1 to 84·9)9·4 (−9·7 to 25·6)34·3 (22·2 to 49·0)57·6* (30·8 to 80·5)6·6 (−10·8 to 21·9)
  Kidney cancer1960·6 (1829·8 to 2099·4)117·3* (104·5 to 131·6)31·8* (23·9 to 40·4)139·2 (99·2 to 185·8)109·7* (97·0 to 123·5)26·1* (18·2 to 34·3)
  Bladder cancer2359·6 (2077·2 to 2563·2)58·5* (49·8 to 69·1)−8·8* (−14·2 to −2·8)179·8 (132·1 to 235·5)52·5* (44·1 to 62·5)−12·8* (−17·8 to −6·9)
  Brain and nervous system cancer1193·2 (1010·6 to 1373·3)52·2* (28·6 to 70·9)7·2 (−7·2 to 18·9)121·9 (87·1 to 165·1)55·4* (34·3 to 71·8)5·6 (−6·7 to 15·9)
  Thyroid cancer2179·4 (1815·3 to 2509·2)100·2* (74·8 to 129·9)24·4* (9·6 to 41·3)127·6 (85·7 to 180·9)94·9* (71·3 to 122·4)19·7* (6·6 to 35·6)
  Mesothelioma50·4 (44·2 to 57·6)94·7* (65·9 to 110·9)12·9 (−4·3 to 22·0)10·8 (7·4 to 14·4)96·6* (66·5 to 113·0)14·1 (−4·4 to 23·5)
  Hodgkin’s lymphoma725·3 (625·0 to 997·2)−12·7 (−30·9 to 59·0)−34·7 (−46·7 to 16·7)57·5 (38·7 to 82·1)−12·0 (−26·8 to 56·4)−36·2 (−45·7 to 11·0)
  Non-Hodgkin lymphoma2956·4 (2448·0 to 3253·1)121·7* (82·7 to 142·0)38·4* (12·3 to 50·7)216·2 (151·6 to 292·6)112·2* (75·7 to 131·1)31·4* (6·4 to 43·3)
  Multiple myeloma427·4 (349·3 to 528·8)107·8* (78·1 to 137·1)19·0* (1·3 to 36·9)86·3 (59·7 to 114·9)98·6* (68·9 to 124·1)13·4 (−4·5 to 28·6)
  Leukaemia2117·3 (1978·7 to 2248·2)44·3* (24·8 to 58·6)6·7 (−4·6 to 15·6)249·6 (182·7 to 320·2)52·1* (38·4 to 63·8)4·1 (−4·0 to 11·4)
  Other neoplasms6785·0 (5938·1 to 7417·5)185·5* (104·5 to 215·4)93·2* (47·0 to 113·0)446·8 (312·5 to 596·4)172·3* (102·3 to 199·0)78·3* (39·6 to 97·0)

Cardiovascular diseases ...... 21 177·0 (14 947·8 to 28 436·7) 89·2* (69·1 to 108·7) 10·3 (−1·0 to 21·3)

  Rheumatic heart disease32 903·9 (31 608·5 to 34 023·7)62·8* (51·3 to 72·0)13·5* (6·0 to 19·7)1821·3 (1211·3 to 2530·8)60·8* (47·5 to 73·7)9·5 (−0·3 to 18·1)
  Ischaemic heart disease92 936·7 (90 091·9 to 95 860·8)64·7* (57·0 to 72·2)−5·2* (−9·6 to −1·0)5804·1 (4055·2 to 7902·3)67·5* (58·8 to 76·6)−4·0 (−8·8 to 1·2)
  Cerebrovascular disease......3743·6 (2669·9 to 4843·9)83·5* (75·9 to 93·5)5·0* (0·5 to 11·2)
   Ischaemic stroke18 305·5 (17 767·4 to 18 920·7)81·5* (72·6 to 92·7)2·4 (−2·8 to 9·1)2650·1 (1875·1 to 3492·3)81·8* (72·6 to 93·3)3·0 (−2·2 to 9·9)
   Haemorrhagic stroke7363·5 (7139·7 to 7616·1)88·9* (80·6 to 98·6)10·2* (5·4 to 16·1)1093·5 (759·0 to 1438·1)88·5* (79·7 to 99·0)10·6* (5·6 to 17·1)
  Hypertensive heart disease10 893·7 (10 526·7 to 11 246·4)112·8* (101·6 to 123·9)19·1* (12·7 to 25·4)1193·9 (844·9 to 1633·9)113·8* (102·8 to 124·9)20·0* (13·7 to 26·3)
  Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis7993·0 (7738·3 to 8269·3)85·0* (77·9 to 93·0)8·5* (4·3 to 13·4)865·7 (591·5 to 1159·6)86·8* (79·0 to 95·1)9·8* (5·2 to 14·8)
  Atrial fibrillation and flutter11 178·6 (10 655·1 to 11 683·7)63·6* (53·9 to 71·4)−10·3* (−15·6 to −5·8)857·8 (603·7 to 1177·4)64·2* (54·3 to 71·9)−9·7* (−15·1 to −5·2)
  Peripheral vascular disease185 137·2 (172 555·7 to 196 597·2)78·0* (59·9 to 91·2)−0·1 (−9·9 to 6·7)127·7 (62·4 to 223·8)49·6* (31·2 to 64·3)−19·7* (−29·5 to −12·0)
  Endocarditis310·3 (252·1 to 361·0)71·7* (55·9 to 86·2)4·6 (−5·1 to 13·6)32·5 (21·2 to 46·7)77·4* (59·7 to 96·2)7·0 (−3·9 to 18·4)
  Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases95 225·2 (67 433·2 to 121 733·8)130·2* (53·9 to 234·7)36·4 (−8·6 to 98·7)6730·4 (3926·1 to 10 097·9)131·2* (53·7 to 236·5)37·1 (−8·4 to 99·7)

Chronic respiratory diseases ...... 38 618·7 (26 864·7 to 51 458·3) 55·1* (50·3 to 60·6) 0·0 (−2·5 to 2·8)

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease328 503·6 (317 289·1 to 339 461·0)65·1* (63·8 to 66·3)0·5 (−0·2 to 1·2)26 131·3 (17 785·3 to 35 786·9)72·3* (67·4 to 78·6)5·5* (2·7 to 9·3)
  Pneumoconiosis......50·8 (36·0 to 69·0)96·9* (89·2 to 103·3)17·3* (12·5 to 21·3)
   Silicosis56·2 (52·6 to 59·6)49·8* (47·3 to 52·3)−11·8* (−13·3 to −10·5)10·7 (6·9 to 15·1)49·9* (47·2 to 52·3)−11·8* (−13·3 to −10·5)
   Asbestosis14·8 (14·0 to 15·5)67·5* (64·0 to 71·4)−0·7 (−2·8 to 1·7)2·8 (1·8 to 3·9)68·1* (64·6 to 72·1)−0·4 (−2·5 to 2·0)
   Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis36·4 (34·6 to 38·1)55·1* (53·1 to 56·8)−6·9* (−8·0 to −5·9)6·8 (4·6 to 9·8)55·1* (53·0 to 56·9)−6·9* (−8·1 to −5·9)
   Other pneumoconiosis164·9 (154·0 to 174·3)144·2* (137·9 to 150·3)47·4* (44·0 to 51·1)30·5 (19·9 to 43·9)141·8* (136·0 to 148·2)45·7* (42·3 to 49·7)
  Asthma241 694·7 (238 151·1 to 245 464·6)32·1* (29·5 to 34·9)−5·5* (−7·2 to −3·5)10 595·8 (6924·6 to 15 102·0)31·6* (28·9 to 34·6)−5·3* (−7·2 to −3·2)
  Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis595·0 (569·1 to 622·5)69·8* (58·9 to 78·9)5·1 (−1·5 to 10·6)80·7 (50·7 to 117·9)70·9* (59·5 to 80·2)5·4 (−1·5 to 11·2)
  Other chronic respiratory diseases......1760·0 (1150·0 to 2617·9)8·4 (−4·6 to 26·4)−32·8* (−40·7 to −21·8)

Cirrhosis ...... 544·6 (381·1 to 750·4) 29·2* (25·5 to 33·2) −14·9* (−17·2 to −12·6)

  Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B869·0 (813·2 to 923·0)21·6* (11·4 to 30·2)−20·8* (−27·2 to −15·3)143·2 (98·8 to 197·7)20·9* (9·1 to 31·6)−21·0* (−28·1 to −13·9)
  Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C884·9 (837·2 to 947·7)60·5* (52·0 to 74·4)1·6 (−3·6 to 10·5)144·9 (100·8 to 201·3)59·9* (49·8 to 75·3)1·6 (−4·2 to 11·4)
  Cirrhosis due to alcohol use801·5 (746·6 to 864·3)10·0* (1·1 to 21·4)−33·4* (−38·6 to −27·1)131·2 (89·3 to 180·1)10·3 (−0·2 to 22·7)−33·1* (−39·2 to −26·0)
  Cirrhosis due to other causes742·0 (693·9 – 789·5)33·6* (24·4 to 46·3)3·6 (−3·5 to 13·2)125·3 (85·6 to 175·1)33·3* (20·7 to 50·5)3·5 (−6·3 to 16·4)

Digestive diseases ...... 8457·9 (6066·5 to 11 283·9) 24·4* (19·9 to 28·8) −21·9* (−24·7 to −19·2)

  Peptic ulcer disease35 515·2 (33 962·5 to 36 907·1)−5·4* (−7·9 to −2·5)−45·8* (−47·1 to −44·1)1268·6 (873·2 to 1774·5)−1·4 (−5·9 to 3·7)−43·2* (−45·5 to −40·3)
  Gastritis and duodenitis64 799·9 (63 317·5 to 66 212·6)11·4* (7·8 to 14·9)−26·7* (−28·7 to −24·7)2384·2 (1617·0 to 3388·7)6·3* (1·7 to 10·3)−27·6* (−30·4 to −25·2)
  Appendicitis621·7 (546·4 to 699·6)17·0* (1·0 to 37·2)−14·6 (−25·4 to 0·0)190·2 (126·9 to 263·1)17·4 (−1·0 to 39·2)−13·6 (−26·7 to 1·8)
  Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction114·6 (111·4 to 117·6)50·4* (44·7 to 56·3)4·6* (1·2 to 8·0)35·1 (23·8 to 47·5)49·2* (41·2 to 57·4)4·7 (−0·6 to 10·6)
  Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia25 393·4 (24 084·5 to 26 361·0)45·7* (36·0 to 53·1)−10·5* (−16·1 to −5·9)262·3 (129·4 to 490·8)45·7* (35·8 to 53·1)−9·9* (−15·6 to −5·3)
  Inflammatory bowel disease10 575·9 (10 410·1 to 10 737·6)75·7* (72·7 to 78·6)9·6* (7·7 to 11·4)2223·2 (1544·1 to 3028·2)75·6* (71·5 to 79·5)10·1* (7·6 to 12·5)
  Vascular intestinal disorders35·3 (33·2 to 38·6)69·9* (58·7 to 81·6)−0·7 (−7·6 to 6·5)10·8 (7·2 to 14·6)68·8* (54·1 to 83·7)−0·2 (−9·7 to 9·8)
  Gallbladder and biliary diseases5893·8 (5737·7 to 6119·0)37·0* (32·6 to 43·9)−18·2* (−20·8 to −14·3)614·9 (428·8 to 826·8)36·9* (31·5 to 43·6)−17·9* (−21·0 to −14·3)
  Pancreatitis1972·8 (1951·7 to 1997·4)70·8* (68·4 to 73·3)6·9* (5·5 to 8·4)579·8 (398·9 to 771·6)70·5* (65·1 to 75·8)7·3* (4·1 to 10·5)
  Other digestive diseases......888·8 (612·7 to 1228·4)5·9 (−8·5 to 17·1)−34·2* (−43·3 to −27·2)

Neurological disorders ...... 59 360·1 (41 036·0 to 80 871·8) 59·6* (54·8 to 64·5) 5·0* (2·4 to 7·9)

  Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias53 050·5 (51 663·7 to 54 359·8)88·5* (82·1 to 95·0)−0·7 (−4·0 to 2·8)7773·6 (5703·1 to 9867·3)91·8* (85·3 to 98·5)0·0 (−3·5 to 3·8)
  Parkinson’s disease5866·3 (4777·2 to 6950·0)80·9* (77·7 to 83·6)2·1* (0·4 to 3·5)694·8 (468·5 to 964·1)81·2* (77·3 to 85·2)2·7* (0·6 to 4·6)
  Epilepsy21 712·0 (20 160·3 to 23 108·4)31·6* (20·2 to 43·8)−2·5 (−10·8 to 6·7)7544·2 (5164·1 to 9925·9)40·5* (28·5 to 56·5)4·4 (−4·5 to 15·9)
  Multiple sclerosis2293·6 (2238·9 to 2345·6)117·2* (110·0 to 124·0)35·4* (30·7 to 39·5)754·6 (547·6 to 951·0)116·1* (106·3 to 125·7)35·1* (29·0 to 41·1)
  Migraine848 366·5 (831 034·6 to 864 852·1)46·1* (41·4 to 50·1)0·3 (−2·8 to 3·0)28 898·1 (17 585·8 to 42 420·1)46·1* (41·4 to 50·5)0·8 (−2·4 to 3·7)
  Tension-type headache1 561 446·5 (1 537 571·4 to 1 585 765·8)45·5* (41·9 to 49·4)0·0 (−2·4 to 2·6)2363·2 (1151·9 to 4155·0)45·5* (41·7 to 49·5)0·3 (−2·1 to 2·9)
  Medication overuse headache62 899·3 (43 143·0 to 80 656·0)120·2* (109·5 to 133·8)42·8* (35·9 to 51·9)9845·7 (5777·9 to 15 100·3)120·2* (109·3 to 133·7)43·3* (36·2 to 52·4)
  Other neurological disorders11·6 (10·0 to 13·3)45·9* (36·0 to 56·3)0·9 (−5·6 to 7·9)1485·8 (1056·6 to 1918·6)31·4* (12·7 to 40·4)−29·6* (−39·2 to −24·8)

Mental and substance use disorders ...... 161 811·9 (116 057·8 to 210 256·0) 45·0* (42·9 to 47·2) 1·0* (0·3 to 1·9)

  Schizophrenia23 600·6 (22 170·6 to 25 038·7)52·1* (50·3 to 53·6)−1·5* (−2·4 to −0·6)15 204·4 (11 169·3 to 18 188·6)52·1* (50·3 to 54·1)−1·1 (−2·2 to 0·1)
  Alcohol use disorders76 896·6 (73 454·0 to 80 491·9)34·4* (32·3 to 36·4)−7·6* (−8·8 to −6·5)7653·6 (5150·7 to 10 952·3)34·3* (32·0 to 36·6)−7·5* (−8·8 to −6·1)
  Drug use disorders......12 222·4 (8513·1 to 16 172·8)41·3* (36·3 to 46·3)0·6 (−2·4 to 3·8)
   Opioid use disorders14 071·8 (11 103·0 to 181 39·2)58·9* (54·4 to 62·8)6·4* (3·0 to 9·5)5849·5 (3907·9 to 8184·0)59·1* (54·0 to 63·6)6·7* (3·2 to 10·2)
   Cocaine use disorders7384·6 (7216·3 to 7549·3)32·1* (28·4 to 35·8)−5·9* (−8·5 to −3·3)1012·9 (666·9 to 1430·2)32·1* (27·2 to 37·1)−5·7* (−9·2 to −2·3)
   Amphetamine use disorders14 922·9 (14 490·6 to 15 370·7)26·4* (21·2 to 31·3)−4·1* (−8·0 to −0·6)1961·0 (1233·0 to 2832·9)26·6* (20·8 to 32·2)−3·8 (−8·1 to 0·3)
   Cannabis use disorders13 625·0 (12 429·2 to 14 938·0)22·4* (20·6 to 24·0)−6·5* (−7·6 to −5·5)395·6 (261·2 to 576·2)22·4* (19·0 to 26·1)−6·4* (−8·9 to −3·7)
   Other drug use disorders......3003·3 (1998·9 to 4164·5)28·5* (21·5 to 36·5)−4·4 (−9·7 to 1·4)
  Depressive disorders......61 632·8 (41 353·8 to 85 621·4)53·6* (49·6 to 58·4)4·0* (2·2 to 5·6)
   Major depressive disorder253 314·2 (208 457·2 to 299 691·3)53·4* (49·0 to 58·9)4·2* (2·4 to 6·2)51 783·9 (33 888·2 to 73 665·8)53·4* (48·8 to 59·2)4·7* (2·7 to 6·7)
   Dysthymia102 409·6 (91 246·2 to 113 441·2)54·6* (52·4 to 57·2)−0·3 (−1·2 to 0·7)9848·9 (6586·6 to 14 166·0)54·6* (52·1 to 57·2)0·1 (−1·0 to 1·2)
  Bipolar disorder48 778·4 (43 498·9 to 54 371·2)49·1* (46·7 to 52·2)0·9 (−0·4 to 2·4)9911·1 (6260·6 to 14 791·0)49·2* (46·4 to 52·5)1·3 (−0·4 to 2·9)
  Anxiety disorders265 610·1 (213 015·1 to 318 817·0)42·4* (36·6 to 46·8)−0·5 (−1·7 to 0·8)24 355·8 (16 148·6 to 35 139·0)42·1* (36·4 to 46·5)−0·2 (−1·6 to 1·3)
  Eating disorders......1820·0 (1154·5 to 2720·3)27·6* (23·7 to 32·1)−1·2 (−4·2 to 1·7)
   Anorexia nervosa2063·6 (1683·5 to 2535·0)35·4* (31·1 to 40·7)5·5* (2·2 to 9·2)440·4 (285·5 to 648·3)35·9* (30·2 to 41·8)6·0* (1·7 to 10·3)
   Bulimia nervosa6537·9 (4917·2 to 8857·6)24·8* (20·4 to 29·2)−3·7* (−6·9 to −0·8)1379·7 (850·7 to 2136·6)25·1* (20·2 to 30·2)−3·4 (−7·1 to 0·1)
  Autistic spectrum disorders......8449·0 (5888·1 to 11 458·7)33·8* (32·7 to 34·9)0·7 (−0·0 to 1·5)
   Autism21 716·7 (20 731·8 to 22 713·5)34·1* (33·5 to 34·8)0·3* (0·1 to 0·6)5345·0 (3583·6 to 7309·9)33·9* (32·4 to 35·5)0·7 (−0·3 to 1·8)
   Asperger’s syndrome31 100·1 (29 251·7 to 32 905·1)33·7* (32·9 to 34·5)0·4* (0·3 to 0·5)3104·0 (2169·6 to 4325·0)33·6* (32·3 to 35·0)0·7 (−0·1 to 1·5)
  Attention-deficit or hyperactivity disorder39 343·5 (36 574·2 to 42 093·6)13·8* (12·8 to 14·9)−0·5 (−1·3 to 0·5)479·9 (287·4 to 745·8)13·9* (12·1 to 16·0)−0·3 (−1·9 to 1·5)
  Conduct disorder51 109·7 (48 006·9 to 54 557·0)16·3* (15·4 to 17·2)2·2* (1·4 to 3·1)6159·0 (3868·2 to 8911·6)16·5* (15·0 to 18·0)2·4* (1·1 to 3·8)
  Idiopathic intellectual disability94 672·8 (75 906·5 to 116 664·7)22·6* (12·7 to 35·8)−5·8 (−13·5 to 4·4)4666·7 (3084·8 to 6640·0)22·0* (12·1 to 35·0)−6·1 (−13·9 to 3·8)
  Other mental and substance use disorders124 042·9 (116 741·4 to 131 001·8)52·3* (50·9 to 53·8)0·2* (0·1 to 0·3)9257·2 (6277·9 to 12411·5)52·3* (50·5 to 54·1)0·6 (−0·1 to 1·3)

Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases ...... 65 561·4 (46 201·5 to 87 834·5) 72·7* (69·2 to 76·6) 14·1* (11·9 to 16·4)

  Diabetes mellitus409 967·0 (381 806·3 to 432 038·4)132·9* (123·7 to 142·4)44·8* (38·5 to 51·3)29 518·1 (20 419·1 to 40 169·3)135·7* (127·2 to 143·7)43·4* (37·9 to 48·5)
  Acute glomerulonephritis37·7 (35·1 to 40·5)−3·4* (−6·0 to −1·2)−22·2* (−24·2 to −20·6)1·9 (1·2 to 2·8)−3·3* (−6·0 to −1·1)−22·2* (−24·2 to −20·6)
  Chronic kidney disease......12 347·3 (9101·6 to 15 814·9)49·5* (43·4 to 53·9)−2·8* (−6·4 to −0·4)
   Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus88 710·9 (71 150·1 to 111 417·2)82·4* (58·6 to 96·8)11·9 (−3·6 to 21·2)2491·8 (1802·9 to 3220·7)80·5* (65·7 to 92·6)10·6* (2·0 to 17·7)
   Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension101 253·4 (81 410·4 to 129 993·0)26·8* (18·3 to 34·9)−10·7* (−17·6 to −5·3)2635·3 (1915·3 to 3415·5)23·1* (16·3 to 33·2)−22·4* (−26·9 to −16·3)
   Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis108 860·9 (88 330·3 to 135 481·9)32·7* (17·3 to 41·3)−13·5* (−25·6 to −6·6)2495·9 (1809·0 to 3252·0)33·9* (25·6 to 43·3)−6·9* (−11·9 to −0·5)
   Chronic kidney disease due to other causes173 090·7 (142 395·9 to 213 010·4)53·9* (43·5 to 63·6)3·1 (−5·9 to 10·1)4724·3 (3503·0 to 6063·2)63·4* (55·9 to 71·9)6·9* (0·9 to 12·7)
  Urinary diseases and male infertility......4880·3 (3212·9 to 7017·1)83·8* (77·8 to 91·1)8·5* (5·1 to 12·4)
   Interstitial nephritis and urinary tract infections1753·7 (1730·2 to 1775·3)67·5* (64·6 to 70·9)16·2* (14·3 to 18·4)58·1 (36·4 to 85·6)66·8* (59·9 to 74·7)16·4* (11·8 to 21·3)
   Urolithiasis80 622·5 (61 562·7 to 103 069·9)101·9* (89·6 to 113·3)20·0* (12·9 to 26·1)661·8 (411·4 to 984·0)95·8* (83·0 to 109·3)20·4* (13·0 to 27·6)
   Benign prostatic hyperplasia99 148·4 (97 356·1 to 100 911·6)79·3* (75·4 to 83·7)3·0* (0·8 to 5·6)3552·9 (2316·5 to 4993·7)80·0* (75·9 to 84·5)3·6* (1·3 to 6·3)
   Male infertility due to other causes39 276·2 (36 950·6 to 41 618·7)44·0* (33·3 to 55·3)2·9 (−4·8 to 11·0)258·6 (111·8 to 531·4)43·6* (32·3 to 56·6)3·0 (−5·1 to 12·0)
   Other urinary diseases......348·9 (175·8 to 544·0)195·7* (94·2 to 241·5)86·0* (23·4 to 114·7)
  Gynaecological diseases......9131·4 (5982·5 to 13 595·8)44·5* (40·3 to 49·3)−3·5* (−6·1 to −0·5)
   Uterine fibroids171 005·4 (158 155·9 to 182 513·5)62·5* (61·2 to 63·8)−1·8* (−2·3 to −1·2)2164·7 (1242·3 to 3677·9)36·6* (29·4 to 43·6)−14·3* (−18·3 to −10·6)
   Polycystic ovarian syndrome122 310·6 (119 572·7 to 124 929·3)51·1* (46·6 to 55·6)2·3 (−0·6 to 5·2)1191·2 (562·3 to 2227·4)51·7* (47·1 to 56·4)3·0* (0·1 to 6·1)
   Female infertility due to other causes34 678·6 (31 103·9 to 38 009·3)58·3* (44·8 to 72·4)10·7* (1·7 to 20·3)191·9 (75·2 to 399·1)56·9* (42·4 to 71·6)11·0* (1·0 to 21·0)
   Endometriosis14 661·2 (14 230·8 to 15 094·4)47·9* (41·9 to 53·5)−1·6 (−5·6 to 2·1)1359·6 (906·4 to 1861·5)48·1* (42·1 to 54·3)−1·3 (−5·3 to 2·8)
   Genital prolapse343 707·8 (336 958·8 to 350 327·4)57·0* (53·0 to 61·5)−0·9 (−3·3 to 1·7)1094·2 (534·5 to 2041·0)57·1* (52·9 to 61·7)−0·7 (−3·3 to 2·1)
   Premenstrual syndrome302 731·7 (284 373·1 to 321 829·6)53·8* (40·3 to 67·9)9·2 (−0·1 to 19·4)2548·6 (1581·3 to 3777·0)54·0* (40·7 to 67·9)9·5* (0·1 to 19·5)
   Other gynaecological diseases20 758·0 (19 699·4 to 21 792·8)15·7* (6·9 to 26·4)−19·3* (−25·6 to −11·8)581·3 (395·7 to 826·6)4·2 (−4·6 to 21·3)−27·2* (−33·5 to −14·7)
  Haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias......7071·9 (4730·8 to 10107·0)23·2* (20·7 to 26·5)−2·3 (−4·2 to 0·3)
   Thalassaemias766·7 (691·8 to 849·8)11·6* (8·5 to 19·1)−2·5 (−5·1 to 3·8)61·9 (42·1 to 88·0)10·2* (1·8 to 22·1)−4·2 (−11·3 to 5·8)
   Thalassaemia trait207 561·8 (192 411·3 to 228 437·6)37·3* (34·7 to 39·6)2·7* (0·5 to 4·5)3769·6 (2508·9 to 5442·2)34·6* (31·0 to 38·8)5·9* (3·1 to 9·3)
   Sickle cell disorders3250·4 (3091·7 to 3400·5)77·6* (69·9 to 86·1)52·3* (45·8 to 59·6)342·1 (246·2 to 455·9)79·4* (68·1 to 90·9)49·7* (40·1 to 59·0)
   Sickle cell trait261 740·7 (249 515·4 to 272 735·9)57·0* (54·2 to 59·7)19·3* (17·1 to 21·3)1396·6 (929·4 to 2004·9)39·0* (32·0 to 49·0)13·8* (8·0 to 23·6)
   Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency337 628·8 (329 360·6 to 345 753·7)47·1* (42·1 to 51·9)11·4* (7·6 to 15·1)36·3 (24·8 to 50·4)40·5* (31·7 to 49·5)11·4* (4·8 to 18·1)
   Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency trait1 181 972·5 (1 174 352·1 to 1 188 844·0)38·6* (37·6 to 39·9)3·0* (2·2 to 3·9)48·8 (30·1 to 73·3)23·6 (−1·0 to 50·9)−0·7 (−20·6 to 20·4)
   Other haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias56 010·1 (54 470·2 to 57 258·6)−2·3 (−5·5 to 1·3)−26·6* (−29·0 to −24·0)1416·5 (936·5 to 2051·7)−12·7* (−17·5 to −6·4)−31·4* (−35·1 to −26·4)
  Endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders79 556·0 (77 363·2 to 81 282·3)10·3* (6·9 to 13·8)−16·2* (−18·8 to −13·7)2610·6 (1797·9 to 3629·0)6·9* (2·2 to 12·8)−16·7* (−20·2 to −12·3)

Musculoskeletal disorders ...... 146 231·3 (103 763·1 to 194 304·6) 60·7* (58·6 to 63·6) 0·6 (−0·5 to 2·3)

  Rheumatoid arthritis16 863·2 (16 714·4 to 17 035·8)57·0* (54·7 to 59·1)−5·1* (−6·5 to −3·8)3925·6 (2818·6 to 5178·5)56·8* (53·9 to 59·4)−4·6* (−6·3 to −3·1)
  Osteoarthritis241 825·0 (239 655·8 to 243 896·7)71·9* (69·8 to 74·3)−2·6* (−3·8 to −1·2)12 811·1 (9030·0 to 17 281·2)75·4* (72·9 to 77·8)−0·2 (−1·6 to 1·2)
  Low back and neck pain......106 665·5 (74 116·9 to 142 959·7)55·8* (53·3 to 59·6)−0·4 (−1·9 to 1·9)
   Low back pain651 008·8 (641 143·4 to 662 885·1)56·8* (53·6 to 61·4)−0·4 (−2·4 to 2·5)72 317·6 (49 051·0 to 99 738·5)56·7* (53·5 to 61·5)0·0 (−2·0 to 2·9)
   Neck pain349 305·2 (341 160·3 to 359 767·4)54·1* (49·1 to 59·9)−1·5 (−4·6 to 2·2)34 347·9 (23 792·0 to 47 418·5)54·0* (49·0 to 59·9)−1·2 (−4·3 to 2·6)
  Gout5825·6 (5750·0 to 5904·8)67·5* (64·6 to 70·8)−2·3* (−4·0 to −0·3)185·5 (129·0 to 249·2)67·7* (62·6 to 73·3)−1·8 (−4·7 to 1·4)
  Other musculoskeletal disorders248 188·2 (216 691·1 to 281 933·6)78·4* (75·0 to 82·5)6·6* (5·0 to 8·9)22 643·6 (15 253·8 to 31 684·6)78·6* (75·0 to 82·9)7·0* (5·3 to 9·3)

Other non-communicable diseases ...... 117 951·0 (78 473·3 to 170 905·6) 44·8* (42·8 to 46·7) −4·1* (−5·4 to −3·0)

  Congenital anomalies......8022·5 (5922·6 to 10 168·4)61·4* (52·5 to 72·8)19·7* (13·2 to 28·2)
   Neural tube defects1470·2 (1434·6 to 1508·2)59·2* (53·8 to 64·4)25·4* (21·2 to 29·6)461·2 (325·4 to 599·6)61·6* (53·7 to 70·7)27·9* (21·4 to 35·1)
   Congenital heart anomalies34 315·9 (33 178·0 to 35 691·2)88·0* (80·3 to 98·5)40·0* (34·5 to 47·8)1230·4 (540·8 to 2079·5)86·8* (77·3 to 97·6)40·7* (34·5 to 48·5)
   Orofacial clefts5807·6 (5621·9 to 5988·1)94·4* (86·1 to 105·9)47·9* (41·2 to 56·6)68·8 (45·6 to 98·8)76·3* (65·2 to 89·5)37·1* (28·4 to 47·3)
   Down’s syndrome8538·5 (8185·7 to 8897·8)79·5* (70·1 to 88·2)32·8* (26·0 to 39·2)1167·1 (894·8 to 1459·7)91·3* (80·5 to 101·4)36·4* (29·3 to 42·9)
   Turner’s syndrome257·5 (246·6 to 271·2)51·2* (42·6 to 62·3)14·8* (8·4 to 23·3)4·3 (2·2 to 6·9)52·1* (42·9 to 64·8)14·5* (7·5 to 23·8)
   Klinefelter’s syndrome216·3 (207·1 to 226·7)42·0* (33·2 to 52·7)6·5* (0·0 to 14·5)1·3 (0·6 to 2·4)47·2* (37·0 to 58·8)5·5 (−1·8 to 13·9)
   Chromosomal unbalanced rearrangements11 649·3 (11 154·1 to 12 235·1)74·0* (66·0 to 83·0)27·5* (21·7 to 34·0)1602·9 (1203·6 to 2038·4)85·1* (75·6 to 95·0)30·6* (24·8 to 37·1)
   Other congenital anomalies25 840·0 (22 170·5 to 29 283·1)22·9* (17·2 to 28·7)−10·6* (−14·7 to −6·5)3486·4 (2436·6 to 4641·2)38·7* (26·5 to 56·4)4·3 (−4·6 to 17·4)
  Skin and subcutaneous diseases......39 051·0 (25 044·5 to 60 125·8)37·3* (33·8 to 40·3)0·3 (−2·0 to 2·3)
   Dermatitis333 785·4 (289 927·3 to 381 312·4)38·7* (36·2 to 41·1)−1·7* (−2·4 to −0·9)9278·4 (6029·0 to 13 326·7)36·8* (34·7 to 39·2)−0·6 (−1·4 to 0·3)
   Psoriasis58 264·1 (51 720·2 to 64 609·4)46·0* (44·0 to 48·8)−2·2* (−3·0 to −1·6)4726·7 (3254·7 to 6621·9)45·9* (43·2 to 48·8)−1·9* (−3·0 to −0·6)
   Cellulitis1705·9 (1429·7 to 2040·3)19·1* (13·2 to 25·1)−18·2* (−21·2 to −15·9)120·2 (78·6 to 170·2)18·6* (11·3 to 26·6)−18·0* (−21·9 to −13·8)
   Bacterial skin diseases5759·7 (4693·5 to 7278·2)−6·7 (−16·2 to 3·7)−23·8* (−29·9 to −17·6)32·6 (12·4 to 72·1)−7·1 (−16·3 to 2·9)−24·0* (−29·8 to −17·7)
   Scabies66 107·5 (62 430·1 to 70 635·9)24·8* (15·0 to 40·1)−4·0 (−11·3 to 7·3)1705·4 (967·2 to 2711·6)24·8* (14·8 to 40·3)−3·7 (−11·2 to 7·8)
   Fungal skin diseases683 713·8 (597 898·2 to 780 963·4)44·2* (41·2 to 47·9)3·0* (1·9 to 3·8)3847·2 (1574·5 to 8139·8)44·1* (41·1 to 47·9)3·3 (2·2 to 4·1)
   Viral skin diseases127 923·6 (105 593·4 to 151 635·9)20·5* (17·9 to 24·3)−1·8* (−3·1 to −0·3)3955·0 (2398·4 to 6150·9)20·4* (17·8 to 24·1)−1·7 (−3·0 to 0·0)
   Acne vulgaris661 634·9 (622 842·5 to 700 241·7)23·2* (13·9 to 32·6)−0·4 (−7·8 to 7·3)7180·8 (3451·6 to 13 214·1)23·2* (13·7 to 32·7)−0·3 (−7·7 to 7·4)
   Alopecia areata8775·5 (8614·4 to 8937·9)46·1* (42·5 to 49·4)−1·1 (−3·4 to 1·2)292·4 (186·8 to 435·2)45·6* (41·2 to 50·0)−0·9 (−3·6 to 1·8)
   Pruritus1024·6 (988·1 to 1074·1)55·3* (46·3 to 63·1)−0·2 (−5·9 to 5·3)10·8 (5·1 to 20·0)54·8* (44·9 to 64·9)0·0 (−6·4 to 6·5)
   Urticaria79 582·8 (72 812·3 to 86 296·3)60·5* (44·2 to 75·0)7·3 (−3·8 to 16·6)4720·7 (3036·5 to 6737·2)60·7* (43·4 to 75·5)7·7 (−3·5 to 17·6)
   Decubitus ulcer1921·4 (1853·0 to 2001·2)59·5* (51·8 to 67·1)−8·1* (−13·1 to −3·3)277·5 (196·0 to 371·2)58·1* (49·8 to 66·8)−7·7* (−12·9 to −2·5)
   Other skin and subcutaneous diseases495 327·6 (319 462·3 to 761 255·5)57·1* (48·5 to 64·4)0·0 (−0·9 to 0·9)2903·1 (1274·1 to 6123·6)57·0* (48·5 to 64·5)0·4 (−0·6 to 1·3)
  Sense organ diseases......54 428·1 (36 458·4 to 76 075·4)47·4* (44·1 to 50·1)−8·2* (−9·7 to −6·7)
   Glaucoma10 899·9 (9853 2 to 12 002·8)63·0* (50·2 to 74·7)−3·5 (−10·6 to 2·9)807·5 (571·6 to 1102·8)63·1* (54·8 to 70·9)−4·6* (−9·7 to −0·2)
   Cataract44 221·6 (39 326·0 to 48 603·1)47·5* (41·3 to 56·4)−17·6* (−20·8 to −13·0)2916·7 (2055·1 to 3962·2)56·7* (50·6 to 63·9)−12·5* (−15·7 to −8·6)
   Macular degeneration13 873·8 (12 176·5 to 15 562·6)76·3* (69·4 to 89·3)−1·6 (−5·6 to 5·1)725·6 (509·4 to 985·1)75·0* (69·0 to 87·8)−4·4 (−8·6 to 1·4)
   Uncorrected refractive error659 847·2 (648 298·7 to 671 446·7)52·0* (49·0 to 55·0)−5·2* (−7·0 to −3·4)11 257·2 (7149·8 to 17 452·3)43·5* (40·4 to 47·2)−8·9* (−10·6 to −7·0)
   Age-related and other hearing loss1 128 939·1 (1 055 657·5 to 1 200 476·4)55·7* (52·7 to 58·4)−6·5* (−7·9 to −5·2)32 579·7 (22 083·7 to 45 846·1)50·7* (45·4 to 54·8)−7·9* (−10·2 to −5·4)
   Other vision loss26 806·0 (24 116·0 to 29 696·9)19·9* (16·0 to 23·8)−22·2* (−25·0 to −19·9)1793·5 (1260·4 to 2452·0)23·7* (19·4 to 27·6)−21·1* (−23·5 to −19·0)
   Other sense organ diseases164 612·2 (163 116·9 to 166 389·9)34·2* (32·5 to 36·2)−0·2 (−1·4 to 1·2)4348·0 (2704·3 to 6435·1)33·7* (31·7 to 35·8)0·1 (−1·3 to 1·6)
  Oral disorders......16 449·5 (10 022·3 to 25 506·3)47·6* (45·8 to 49·7)−7·7* (−9·7 to −5·5)
   Deciduous caries492 920·5 (490 657·1 to 495 385·2)4·4* (3·6 to 5·2)−2·1* (−2·8 to −1·4)181·1 (79·0 to 350·9)5·7* (4·1 to 7·5)−0·9 (−2·3 to 0·8)
   Permanent caries2 633 328·8 (2 607 931·9 to 2 658 749·5)37·4* (35·8 to 39·6)−1·2 (−2·3 to 0·4)2411·0 (1102·6 to 4664·5)40·5* (38·3 to 43·0)1·8* (0·1 to 3·7)
   Periodontal diseases503 967·2 (496 870·4 to 511 448·4)66·7* (63·7 to 70·1)1·4 (−0·4 to 3·4)3286·0 (1318·3 to 6750·3)66·8* (63·8 to 70·3)1·7 (−0·2 to 3·7)
   Edentulism and severe tooth loss250 683·6 (247 512·3 to 253 463·0)45·6* (43·4 to 47·9)−16·4* (−17·7 to −15·1)6855·6 (4647·2 to 9420·4)45·6* (43·3 to 47·9)−16·2* (−17·6 to −14·9)
   Other oral disorders126 945·5 (125 452·3 to 128 568·2)44·7* (42·5 to 46·9)−0·5 (−2·0 to 0·9)3715·7 (2347·5 to 5558·6)44·6* (42·2 to 46·9)−0·3 (−1·9 to 1·2)

Injuries ...... 36 831·5 (26 895·7 to 48 748·0) 0·3 (−13·7 to 11·3) −37·0* (−45·4 to −30·0)

Transport injuries ...... 10 194·9 (7477·9 to 13 437·8) 6·2 (−1·0 to 14·5) −31·7* (−36·2 to −26·8)

  Road injuries......8593·4 (6305·9 to 11 313·7)6·9 (−0·7 to 15·8)−31·0* (−35·8 to −25·8)
   Pedestrian road injuries37 844·1 (37 457·1 to 38 216·7)53·7* (51·7 to 55·6)0·6 (−0·7 to 1·9)2271·8 (1657·1 to 2993·5)17·2* (8·9 to 27·0)−23·6* (−28·5 to −17·8)
   Cyclist road injuries13 678·6 (13 439·2 to 13 925·1)24·1* (22·1 to 26·2)−14·9* (−16·3 to −13·4)812·4 (594·6 to 1074·2)2·8 (−3·5 to 9·9)−33·9* (−37·9 to −29·5)
   Motorcyclist road injuries32 483·6 (31 964·6 to 33 019·7)28·0* (25·5 to 30·0)−17·2* (−18·9 to −15·9)1649·2 (1201·7 to 2204·5)−4·2 (−12·2 to 5·1)−38·2* (−43·1 to −32·5)
   Motor vehicle road injuries60 733·7 (59 848·5 to 61 593·1)40·8* (39·3 to 42·4)−2·7* (−3·7 to −1·5)3777·8 (2811·0 to 4946·9)8·1* (0·3 to 16·7)−30·9* (−35·6 to −25·8)
   Other road injuries1371·5 (1351·1 to 1393·6)17·9* (15·9 to 19·8)−22·8* (−24·2 to −21·5)82·3 (61·0 to 107·3)−5·7 (−11·4 to 1·0)−40·1* (−43·4 to −36·1)
  Other transport injuries26 293·0 (25 899·6 to 26 709·0)22·9* (20·3 to 25·2)−21·7* (−23·5 to −20·1)1601·5 (1173·2 to 2118·5)2·2 (−3·1 to 8·5)−35·1* (−38·5 to −31·2)

 Unintentional injuries ...... 21 649·4 (16 036·0 to 28 726·9) 17·9* (10·5 to 25·8) −28·0* (−32·8 to −22·7)

  Falls250 044·4 (247 438·2 to 252 548·9)61·3* (59·7 to 62·8)0·9 (−0·2 to 1·8)12 818·1 (9356·9 to 16 996·8)23·5* (13·6 to 35·0)−28·3* (−34·5 to −21·1)
  Drowning6149·1 (6022·3 to 6275·4)13·7* (10·6 to 16·7)−23·9* (−25·9 to −21·9)373·6 (273·4 to 485·1)−8·6* (−13·5 to −2·4)−37·9* (−40·9 to −34·1)
  Fire, heat, and hot substances35 326·2 (34 097·3 to 36 575·8)7·4* (3·4 to 11·8)−28·7* (−31·4 to −25·5)1172·2 (867·1 to 1551·4)−4·7 (−10·0 to 0·6)−36·8* (−39·8 to −33·8)
  Poisonings925·2 (910·3 to 939·5)5·1* (2·8 to 7·0)−29·2* (−30·7 to −27·9)78·7 (56·2 to 104·5)−6·3* (−9·8 to −2·7)−36·7* (−39·0 to −34·4)
  Exposure to mechanical forces......3758·0 (2748·6 to 4985·4)5·2* (0·3 to 10·4)−30·1* (−33·0 to −26·9)
   Unintentional firearm injuries3729·0 (3639·3 to 3820·9)29·9* (26·7 to 33·3)−13·3* (−15·4 to −11·1)146·6 (109·0 to 194·3)6·4 (−0·3 to 14·2)−29·8* (−34·0 to −25·1)
   Unintentional suffocation949·6 (923·4 to 979·8)66·5* (63·2 to 69·4)13·4* (11·6 to 15·0)54·2 (40·2 to 71·6)42·2* (34·7 to 50·1)−3·3 (−8·1 to 1·6)
   Other exposure to mechanical forces113 111·5 (105 859·7 to 120 514·4)15·7* (12·9 to 18·0)−18·0* (−19·7 to −16·5)3557·2 (2597·7 to 4726·4)4·7 (0·0 to 9·8)−30·4* (−33·3 to −27·3)
  Adverse effects of medical treatment1526·1 (1226·7 to 1820·2)46·2* (44·0 to 48·5)−1·0 (−2·4 to 0·4)201·0 (127·1 to 295·2)48·4* (46·1 to 50·7)−5·7* (−7·2 to −4·0)
  Animal contact......403·5 (299·5 to 527·6)−6·3* (−10·6 to −1·4)−36·4* (−39·0 to −33·5)
   Venomous2274·1 (2204·9 to 2346·6)2·6 (−2·1 to 6·8)−31·1* (−34·2 to −28·3)153·1 (110·5 to 201·1)−7·5* (−12·6 to −2·2)−37·1* (−40·5 to −33·6)
   Non-venomous12 089·8 (10 522·9 to 13 775·5)−5·6 (−10·9 to 0·0)−32·8* (−35·9 to −29·6)250·5 (183·9 to 337·8)−5·4 (−10·9 to 0·6)−36·0* (−38·9 to −32·8)
  Foreign body......254·8 (186·8 to 325·0)22·1* (16·2 to 29·0)−19·4* (−23·3 to −15·0)
   Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway887·8 (873·4 to 902·7)42·5* (39·7 to 45·5)−4·6* (−6·3 to −2·8)50·2 (38·4 to 64·6)−2·7 (−10·5 to 7·4)−33·7* (−38·6 to −27·2)
   Foreign body in eyes1164·8 (737·5 to 1586·1)41·5* (37·7 to 46·7)0·4 (−1·5 to 2·3)60·3 (35·0 to 91·7)30·6* (26·0 to 34·9)−10·4* (−15·4 to −6·9)
   Foreign body in other body part3912·3 (3465·6 to 4383·6)42·0* (34·0 to 49·6)−4·0* (−8·3 to −0·2)144·3 (108·0 to 186·5)30·1* (23·9 to 36·9)−16·5* (−20·1 to −12·7)
  Other unintentional injuries51 132·0 (49 359·0 to 52 946·0)45·2* (43·1 to 47·7)−3·9* (−5·2 to −2·5)2589·5 (1905·1 to 3445·3)34·2* (29·7 to 39·1)−16·0* (−18·5 to −13·3)

 Self-harm and interpersonal violence ...... 1053·5 (778·0 to 1388·0) 1·8 (−5·0 to 10·5) −34·4* (−38·5 to −29·2)

  Self-harm5940·8 (5845·2 to 6051·2)21·5* (18·5 to 24·2)−24·7* (−26·3 to −23·2)231·6 (167·0 to 307·3)−1·7 (−6·9 to 5·4)−39·0* (−42·2 to −34·8)
  Interpersonal violence......821·9 (610·4 to 1077·7)2·8 (−4·5 to 12·0)−33·0* (−37·4 to −27·3)
   Assault with firearm3870·2 (3765·2 to 3974·2)46·7* (42·6 to 50·5)−3·2* (−5·9 to −0·7)163·1 (120·0 to 216·6)21·9* (14·8 to 29·8)−21·1* (−25·4 to −16·5)
   Assault with sharp object6078·6 (5868·9 to 6311·1)41·9* (36·4 to 47·2)−7·0* (−10·3 to −3·7)172·3 (124·9 to 233·2)18·5* (10·8 to 28·0)−22·9* (−27·6 to −17·2)
   Assault by other means10 133·4 (9835·8 to 10 448·3)21·4* (18·8 to 23·7)−17·9* (−19·3 to −16·6)486·5 (364·2 to 635·7)−6·4 (−12·9 to 2·4)−38·8* (−42·9 to −33·4)

 Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention ...... 3933·7 (1860·7 to 7821·0) −50·7* (−57·7 to −40·2) −67·9* (−72·6 to −61·0)

  Exposure to forces of nature14 335·5 (7133·3 to 28 680·1)8·2 (−4·6 to 29·0)−37·4* (−45·6 to −24·5)556·8 (280·6 to 1117·0)−0·7 (−15·1 to 22·3)−36·7* (−45·8 to −22·0)
  Collective violence and legal intervention43 478·1 (23 580·2 to 77 304·6)−27·0* (−32·2 to −17·3)−46·7* (−51·2 to −40·8)3376·9 (1547·3 to 6784·6)−54·6* (−60·2 to −46·1)−70·3* (−74·2 to −64·5)
All data are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals. YLDs=years lived with disability.

*Significant percentage change.