Table 3

Global incidence of acute sequelae (for less than 3 months) by cause for incidence greater than 1 million cases per year
Cases in 1990 (× 1000)Cases in 2013 (× 1000)Percentage changeAge-standardised rate in 1990 (per 100 000)Age-standardised rate in 2013 (per 100 000)Percentage change
Upper respiratory infections13 557 038 (13 317 034 to 13 806 346)18 770 589 (18 479 508 to 19 048 703)38·26* (35·33 to 41·60)243 621·2 (239 383·6 to 248 019·3)259 491·0 (255 547·1 to 263 318·4)6·48*(4·20 to 8·95)
Diarrhoeal disease episodes2 920 208 (2 866 614 to 2 968 429)2 711 253 (2 666 452 to 2 761 161)−7·29* (−9·55 to −4·91)46 265·7 (45 440·7 to 47 003·5)37 467·6 (36 858·2 to 38 151·9)−19·07* (−20·98 to −17·09)
Other exposure to mechanical forces349 533 (334 775 to 367 702)381 968 (364 953 to 401 105)9·28* (6·86 to 11·52)6049·4 (5797·0 to 6369·6)5092·8 (4866·9 to 5355·1)−15·81* (−17·57 to −14·16)
Acute otitis media339 485 (332 992 to 345 806)324 720 (318 445 to 330 958)−4·44* (−7·03 to −1·88)5292·2 (5194·9 to 5384·2)4480·9 (4394·0 to 4566·7)−15·34* (−17·58 to −13·09)
Tooth pain due to permanent caries164 255 (144 960 to 184 155)222 966 (194 054 to 252 697)35·63* (32·63 to 38·69)3028·4 (2676·9 to 3391·5)3070·6 (2672·3 to 3479·0)1·41 (−0·94 to 3·58)
Bacterial skin diseases148 035 (123 990 to 172 137)154 851 (132 130 to 180 387)4·81 (−4·86 to 14·19)2655·7 (2244·7 to 3075·9)2194·3 (1870·5 to 2572·9)−17·21* (−22·61 to −11·95)
Falls107 951 (106 004 to 109 801)154 533 (151 535 to 157 392)43·16* (39·53 to 46·97)2030·3 (1993·1 to 2063·9)2017·5 (1988·0 to 2048·0)−0·62 (−2·90 to 1·69)
Lower respiratory infections164 622 (162 190 to 167 306)150 087 (146 724 to 152 859)−8·85* (−12·07 to −6·67)2891·4 (2849·7 to 2940·9)2206·9 (2156·5 to 2246·2)−23·58* (−26·17 to −21·86)
Clinical episodes of malaria172 741 (107 735 to 279 197)146 761 (85 673 to 249 239)−16·56 (−34·66 to 12·48)2853·7 (1741·1 to 4755·7)2036·0 (1184·4 to 3465·6)−29·81* (−44·89 to −5·93)
Chlamydia infection111 204 (108 362 to 114 280)141 437 (137 606 to 144 793)27·25* (22·27 to 31·31)2001·8 (1952·0 to 2055·9)1885·4 (1834·3 to 1929·7)−5·69* (−9·36 to −2·73)
Chickenpox and herpes zoster128 020 (126 377 to 129 582)139 665 (138 706 to 140 700)8·84* (7·73 to 10·73)1992·7 (1970·9 to 2015·0)1935·4 (1920·8 to 1950·4)−2·99* (−4·00 to −1·54)
Hepatitis B137 639 (133 533 to 143 049)129 191 (124 907 to 132 890)−6·22* (−9·67 to −2·53)2644·5 (2562·1 to 2753·9)1779·2 (1721·7 to 1830·2)−32·74* (−35·29 to −29·95)
Gallbladder and biliary diseases78 635 (77 174 to 80 289)104 111 (101 889 to 106 283)32·23* (28·62 to 36·23)2005·6 (1971·1 to 2049·5)1594·2 (1560·6 to 1627·8)−20·56* (−22·64 to −18·22)
Hepatitis A90 801 (86 969 to 94 635)101 711 (97 926 to 105 499)11·87* (11·35 to 12·46)1481·7 (1432·5 to 1529·6)1396·9 (1345·4 to 1448·4)−5·76* (−6·10 to −5·33)
Other unintentional injuries70 771 (69 804 to 71 730)94 747 (93 084 to 96 457)33·88* (31·03 to 36·83)1352·1 (1334·1 to 1370·2)1312·8 (1292·3 to 1334·1)−2·90* (−4·93 to −0·83)
Interstitial nephritis and urinary tract infections55 473 (54 702 to 56 225)92 847 (91 652 to 93 940)67·10* (64·28 to 70·38)1156·8 (1142·6 to 1170·9)1344·3 (1327·0 to 1360·3)16·14* (14·25 to 18·31)
Gastritis and duodenitis76 611 (75 707 to 77 550)90 638 (89 750 to 91 660)18·15* (16·30 to 19·94)1809·1 (1789·7 to 1831·4)1393·6 (1380·1 to 1 409·5)−23·00* (−24·12 to −21·88)
Gonococcal infection56 316 (53 588 to 59 210)78 197 (74 585 to 81 629)39·04* (28·92 to 48·08)977·0 (931·8 to 1024·5)1038·5 (990·4 to 1084·2)6·53 (−0·93 to 13·10)
Dengue8220 (3294 to 17 234)58 435 (23 615 to 121 951)610·87* (606·25 to 615·50)148·3 (59·4 to 311·0)810·9 (327·7 to 1692·3)447·31* (443·59 to 450·91)
Non-venomous animal contact65 300 (63 282 to 67 643)57 822 (55 870 to 59 726)−11·43* (−15·55 to −7·21)1190·1 (1155·7 to 1228·5)808·4 (782·9 to 833·1)−32·06* (−34·84 to −29·13)
Trichomonas infection40 045 (37 105 to 43 115)57 794 (53 923 to 63 336)43·45* (31·00 to 61·93)737·0 (685·1 to 789·3)771·6 (720·2 to 845·3)4·31 (−4·66 to 17·24)
Motor vehicle road injuries40 958 (39 248 to 42 998)54 201 (51 723 to 57 134)32·35* (28·52 to 37·35)782·6 (752·1 to 821·3)763·3 (729·3 to 802·9)−2·46 (−5·11 to 0·90)
Tooth pain due to deciduous caries50 436 (43 544 to 57 157)53 082 (45 756 to 60 269)5·07* (3·77 to 6.37)748·9 (646·6 to 848·4)738·4 (636·5 to 838·4)−1·47* (−2·66 to −0·25)
Peptic ulcer disease52 264 (51 134 to 53 504)50 399 (48 835 to 52 173)−3·81 (−7·37 to 0.75)1457·0 (1424·5 to 1491·1)810·7 (786·1 to 838·9)−44·43* (−46·54 to −41·86)
Urolithiasis33 330 (30 306 to 36 585)48 615 (43 576 to 54 046)45·55* (42.24 to 49·34)744·9 (679·4 to 820·5)690·9 (620·4 to 767·8)−7·34* (−9·29 to −5·16)
Genital herpes37 033 (35 871 to 38 277)46 840 (45 386 to 48 578)26·27* (22·76 to 30·12)633·9 (614·0 to 655·5)622·6 (603·4 to 645·4)−1·85 (−4·55 to 1·08)
Cellulitis31 740 (28 667 to 34 738)37 449 (33 421 to 41 180)17·85* (13·20 to 22·04)674·3 (607·1 to 739·9)547·5 (488·2 to 604·0)−18·80* (−21·35 to −16·80)
Fire, heat, and hot substances36 843 (35 438 to 38 193)33 433 (31 570 to 35 304)−9·24* (−14·28 to −3·71)653·9 (631·3 to 677·0)450·6 (426·5 to 474·6)−31·08* (−34·68 to −27·22)
Foreign body elsewhere in body21 835 (21 544 to 22 091)31 155 (30 749 to 31 549)42·69* (40·10 to 45·46)455·4 (450·0 to 460·8)461·0 (455·3 to 466·7)1·23 (−0·57 to 3·05)
Hepatitis E23 967 (22 840 to 24 969)28 446 (27 083 to 30 055)18·38* (11·33 to 26·86)433·2 (414·4 to 451·1)386·8 (368·4 to 408·5)−10·88* (−16·18 to −4·62)
Collective violence and legal intervention60 427 (40 630 to 98 088)21 567 (11 959 to 48 571)−64·08* (−75·95 to −17·39)1628·5 (1056·4 to 2651·6)390·4 (229·3 to 842·7)−75·48* (−83·87 to −42·03)
Adverse effects of medical treatment13 489 (13 334 to 13 646)19 946 (19 714 to 20 176)47·88* (45·68 to 50·11)273·3 (270·2 to 276·4)269·1 (266·3 to 271·9)−1·52* (−2·93 to −0·16)
Assault by other means16 174 (15 804 to 16 557)18 133 (17 708 to 18 553)12·12* (9·14 to 15·10)299·4 (292·7 to 306·3)249·2 (243·6 to 254·9)−16·76* (−18·83 to −14·50)
Other transport injuries16 956 (16 240 to 18 001)18 083 (17 246 to 19 205)6·70* (0·04 to 13·62)315·7 (302·8 to 332·9)244·5 (233·3 to 259·8)−22·50* (−27·11 to −17·66)
Pancreatitis10 057 (9954 to 10 157)17 163 (16 976 to 17 376)70·45* (68·14 to 72·80)234·8 (232·6 to 237·1)251·0 (248·3 to 253·9)6·84* (5·45 to 8·28)
Motorcyclist road injuries14 619 (12 221 to 16 302)16 692 (13 485 to 18 844)14·15* (7·74 to 21·46)273·5 (227·9 to 305·0)226·9 (184·0 to 256·2)−17·08* (−21·40 to −11·90)
Appendicitis14 105 (12 914 to 15 603)16 423 (14 441 to 18 501)16·60* (0·89 to 36·82)263·6 (241·9 to 290·9)225·2 (198·5 to 253·1)−14·58 (−25·48 to 0·15)
Pedestrian road injuries by road vehicle10 450 (9702 to 11 340)14 353 (13 302 to 15 545)37·38* (32·69 to 43·65)209·8 (194·3 to 228·1)210·5 (194·8 to 227·5)0·35 (−3·12 to 4·53)
Meningitis cases due to other causes14 177 (13 756 to 14 595)12 819 (12 410 to 13 260)−9·58* (−13·65 to −5·73)224·6 (217·9 to 231·5)175·3 (169·7 to 181·2)−21·89* (−25·39 to −18·63)
Typhoid fever13 685 (11 708 to 17 982)10 955 (9641 to 14 354)−19·93* (−30·68 to −6·53)227·3 (195·5 to 297·7)151·5 (133·6 to 198·5)−33·30* (−41·90 to −22·36)
Hepatitis C9367 (9188 to 9539)10 840 (10 650 to 11 014)15·54* (12·57 to 19·02)201·0 (196·3 to 205·6)157·7 (154·7 to 160·5)−21·59* (−23·94 to −18·90)
Cyclist road injuries9713 (8578 to 10 973)10 711 (9478 to 12 157)10·30* (5·21 to 15·85)183·8 (164·6 to 205·9)152·9 (135·9 to 173·6)−16·84* (−20·05 to −13·23)
Acute myocardial infarction4862 (4640 to 5074)8557 (8199 to 8919)75·77* (74·24 to 77·72)141·1 (134·6 to 147·6)139·3 (133·2 to 145·4)−1·29* (−2·09 to −0·34)
Assault by sharp object6021 (5779 to 6234)7983 (7641 to 8284)32·62* (26·92 to 38·28)111·8 (107·2 to 115·6)107·6 (103·1 to 111·5)−3·75 (−7·87 to 0·21)
Acute ischaemic stroke4309 (4118 to 4532)6893 (6550 to 7352)59·61* (48·61 to 72·86)128·4 (122·7 to 135·0)114·3 (108·5 to 122·3)−11·13* (−17·29 to −3·14)
Paratyphoid fever8846 (7761 to 10 194)6378 (5550 to 7253)−27·88* (−41·81 to −12·83)144·5 (127·5 to 166·1)88·0 (76·5 to 100·0)−39·09* (−50·86 to −26·48)
Maternal hypertensive disorders5582 (3681 to 7427)5707 (3792 to 7519)2·08 (−1·25 to 7·48)96·7 (63·9 to 127·8)75·2 (50·1 to 98·9)−22·26* (−24·37 to −18·54)
Exposure to forces of nature7326 (4728 to 13 492)5658 (3694 to 11 899)−21·55 (−45·57 to 31·37)195·7 (114·9 to 333·1)97·3 (55·2 to 187·5)−50·75* (−71·91 to −9·97)
Venomous animal contact5702 (5390 to 6040)5548 (5278 to 5843)−2·68 (−6·78 to 1·46)106·0 (101·0 to 111·4)77·1 (73·7 to 80·8)−27·28* (−29·90 to −24·43)
Foreign body in eyes3959 (3692 to 4201)5298 (4955 to 5607)33·81* (30·26 to 37·76)74·6 (69·6 to 79·1)73·5 (68·6 to 77·7)−1·39 (−3·97 to 1·45)
Obstructed labour5362 (4833 to 5947)5122 (4491 to 5610)−4·23 (−19·90 to 10·21)93·7 (84·8 to 103·6)67·2 (59·0 to 73·6)−27·99* (−39·42 to −17·41)
Maternal haemorrhage4429 (3994 to 5014)4649 (4331 to 5015)4·72 (−7·62 to 17·74)77·6 (70·3 to 87·3)61·1 (57·0 to 65·9)−21·40* (−30·27 to −11·77)
Assault by firearm2487 (2266 to 2671)3609 (3313 to 3881)45·16* (39·56 to 51·09)48·2 (44·0 to 51·7)50·0 (46·0 to 53·8)3·77 (−0·17 to 7·93)
Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway2777 (2639 to 2986)3568 (3396 to 3832)28·50* (25·60 to 31·45)52·5 (49·9 to 56·3)49·7 (47·4 to 53·4)−5·28* (−7·23 to −3·18)
Acute haemorrhagic stroke1886 (1817 to 1977)3366 (3200 to 3543)78·50* (65·50 to 89·81)53·4 (51·5 to 55·9)54·3 (51·4 to 57·3)1·61 (−5·68 to 8·55)
Poisonings3409 (3347 to 3477)3282 (3208 to 3352)−3·70* (−6·17 to −1·39)61·4 (60·3 to 62·5)44·6 (43·6 to 45·5)−27·43* (−29·23 to −25·83)
Self-harm3222 (3187 to 3257)3270 (3240 to 3302)1·51* (0·20 to 2·79)61·2 (60·6 to 61·8)43·8 (43·3 to 44·2)−28·48* (−29·34 to −27·61)
Unintentional firearm injuries2749 (2556 to 2925)3126 (2902 to 3344)13·71* (10·07 to 17·66)49·4 (46·0 to 52·5)42·7 (39·7 to 45·6)−13·66* (−16·30 to −10·85)
Complications of abortion2366 (2235 to 2525)2642 (2510 to 2784)11·54* (1·79 to 20·91)41·9 (39·6 to 44·6)34·9 (33·1 to 36·7)−16·87* (−24·01 to −10·06)
Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction1501 (1481 to 1517)2530 (2487 to 2572)68·38* (64·90 to 71·76)38·1 (37·5 to 38·5)39·6 (38·9 to 40·3)4·04* (1·81 to 6·20)
Other sexually transmitted diseases1884 (1771 to 2008)2393 (2259 to 2540)27·09* (17·35 to 36·22)36·1 (34·0 to 38·3)32·3 (30·6 to 34·3)−10·14* (−16·70 to −3·89)
Drowning1803 (1708 to 1921)1664 (1571 to 1782)−7·70* (−11·01 to −4·22)32·5 (30·8 to 34·7)23·6 (22·3 to 25·3)−27·33* (−30·05 to −24·60)
Unintentional suffocation1102 (1003 to 1205)1593 (1443 to 1741)44·53* (40·31 to 48·18)19·4 (17·7 to 21·2)21·8 (19·7 to 23·8)12·17* (9·16 to 14·93)
Acute myocarditis961 (909 to 1031)1481 (1377 to 1592)53·54* (41·58 to 69·41)22·8 (21·5 to 24·5)22·0 (20·5 to 23·6)−3·56 (−11·38 to 5·97)
Maternal sepsis and other maternal infections1881 (1684 to 2088)1389 (1227 to 1522)−26·48* (−36·40 to −15·31)32·2 (28·9 to 35·6)18·3 (16·2 to 20·0)−43·42* (−50·97 to −34·94)
Causes are ordered by overall incidence. All data are shown with 95% uncertainty intervals.

*Significant percentage change.