Table 8
Prevalence and YLDs, with percentage of total, for intellectual disability by cause in 1990 and 2013, and prevalence by severity in 2013
| Total prevalence (× 1000) | Total YLDs (× 1000) | Prevalence by severity in 2013 (× 1000) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2013 | 1990 | 2013 | Borderline | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Profound | |
| Idiopathic intellectual disability | 77 102.5 (65·24%) | 94 680·0 (61·47%) | 3822·3 (38·30%) | 4666·7 (31·46%) | 32 937·9 (21·38%) | 38 873·1 (25·24%) | 14 804·3 (9·61%) | 5946·2 (3·86%) | 2118·5 (1·38%) |
| Preterm birth complications | 5913·0 (5·00%) | 13 576·3 (8·81%) | 558·1 (5·59%) | 1450·4 (9·78%) | .. | 11 480·7 (7·45%) | 1277·6 (0·83%) | 535·2 (0·35%) | 282·8 (0·18%) |
| Chromosomal unbalanced rearrangements | 6398·2 (5·41%) | 11 171·7 (7·25%) | 859·1 (8·61%) | 1590·4 (10·72%) | 1411·6 (0·92%) | 3733·1 (2·42%) | 3038·7 (1·97%) | 1953·8 (1·27%) | 1034·5 (0·67%) |
| Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma | 9520·3 (8·06%) | 8947·4 (5·81%) | 892·5 (8·94%) | 1228·3 (8·28%) | .. | 7128·4 (4·63%) | 833·1 (0·54%) | 645·2 (0·42%) | 340·8 (0·22%) |
| Down’s syndrome | 4546·4 (3·85%) | 8184·4 (5·31%) | 605·6 (6·07%) | 1157·9 (7·81%) | 1034·0 (0·67%) | 2735·1 (1·78%) | 2226·2 (1·45%) | 1431·3 (0·93%) | 757·8 (0·49%) |
| Ischaemic stroke | 2686·4 (2·27%) | 4887·1 (3·17%) | 967·9 (9·70%) | 1764·2 (11·89%) | .. | .. | 2978·2 (1·93%) | 1248·5 (0·81%) | 660·3 (0·43%) |
| Pneumococcal meningitis | 3132·6 (2·65%) | 2803·2 (1·82%) | 382·2 (3·83%) | 344·8 (2·32%) | 751·6 (0·49%) | 1213·6 (0·79%) | 420·8 (0·27%) | 272·9 (0·18%) | 144·2 (0·09%) |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 1040·8 (0·88%) | 1966·8 (1·28%) | 386·6 (3·87%) | 728·8 (4·91%) | .. | .. | 1197·3 (0·78%) | 503·4 (0·33%) | 266·1 (0·17%) |
| Haemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice | 768·3 (0·65%) | 1400·5 (0·91%) | 425·5 (4·26%) | 781·8 (5·27%) | .. | .. | 641·8 (0·42%) | 496·4 (0·32%) | 262·2 (0·17%) |
| Alcohol use disorders | 1000·8 (0·85%) | 1382·2 (0·90%) | 62·3 (0·62%) | 85·8 (0·58%) | 383·1 (0·25%) | 791·2 (0·51%) | 126·6 (0·08%) | 81·3 (0·05%) | .. |
| Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis | 1654·4 (1·40%) | 1309·6 (0·85%) | 244·5 (2·45%) | 206·7 (1·39%) | 443·4 (0·29%) | 329·0 (0·21%) | 270·5 (0·18%) | 174·5 (0·11%) | 92·2 (0·06%) |
| Other meningitis | 1406·9 (1·19%) | 1050·2 (0·68%) | 220·9 (2·21%) | 172·3 (1·16%) | 340·7 (0·22%) | 265·1 (0·17%) | 222·5 (0·14%) | 145·2 (0·09%) | 76·7 (0·05%) |
| Encephalitis | 873·4 (0·74%) | 886·6 (0·58%) | 120·7 (1·21%) | 131·3 (0·88%) | 337·7 (0·22%) | 223·7 (0·15%) | 162·7 (0·11%) | 106·3 (0·07%) | 56·1 (0·04%) |
| Neural tube defects | 293·7 (0·25%) | 477·9 (0·31%) | 151·8 (1·52%) | 246·1 (1·66%) | .. | .. | .. | 312·6 (0·20%) | 165·3 (0·11%) |
| Meningococcal meningitis | 538·7 (0·46%) | 429·2 (0·28%) | 90·4 (0·91%) | 75·3 (0·51%) | 128·2 (0·08%) | 107·7 (0·07%) | 96·5 (0·06%) | 63·3 (0·04%) | 33·5 (0·02%) |
| Syphilis | 310·2 (0·26%) | 315·2 (0·20%) | 57·5 (0·58%) | 58·4 (0·39%) | .. | .. | 315·2 (0·20%) | .. | .. |
| Sickle cell disorders | 96·3 (0·08%) | 197·0 (0·13%) | 39·4 (0·39%) | 79·9 (0·54%) | .. | .. | 197·0 (0·13%) | .. | .. |
| Maternal hypertensive disorders | 140·9 (0·12%) | 128·9 (0·08%) | 9·5 (0·10%) | 8·8 (0·06%) | .. | 128·9 (0·08%) | .. | .. | .. |
| Tetanus | 580·2 (0·49%) | 71·6 (0·05%) | 30·7 (0·31%) | 5·9 (0·04%) | .. | 64·9 (0·04%) | 3·1 (0·00%) | 2·4 (0·00%) | 1·2 (0·00%) |
| Malaria | 45·5 (0·04%) | 66·7 (0·04%) | 25·4 (0·25%) | 37·7 (0·25%) | .. | .. | 30·6 (0·02%) | 23·6 (0·02%) | 12·5 (0·01%) |
| Klinefelter’s syndrome | 31·3 (0·03%) | 44·5 (0·03%) | 0·5 (0·01%) | 0·7 (0·00%) | 41·0 (0·03%) | 3·5 (0·00%) | .. | .. | .. |
| Iodine deficiency | 60·0 (0·05%) | 38·3 (0·02%) | 10·0 (0·10%) | 6·4 (0·04%) | .. | .. | .. | 28·5 (0·02%) | 9·8 (0·01%) |
| African trypanosomiasis | 33·8 (0·03%) | 9·4 (0·01%) | 16·5 (0·17%) | 4·7 (0·03%) | .. | .. | .. | 6·1 (0·00%) | 3·2 (0·00%) |
| Total prevalence | 118 174·6 (100·00%) | 154 024·7 (100·00%) | .. | .. | 37 809·3 (24·55%) | 67 077·9 (43·55%) | 28 842·6 (18·73%) | 13 977·0 (9·07%) | 6317·9 (4·10%) |
| Total YLDs | .. | .. | 9979·7 (100·00%) | 14 833·4 (100·00%) | 722·4 (4·87%) | 3209·3 (21·64%) | 4925·1 (33·20%) | 3963·3 (26·72%) | 2013·3 (13·57%) |