Table 2
Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults aged 18 and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2002, 2007, and 2012
| Selected characteristic | 2002
| 2007
| 2012
| Percentage point change
| Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (in thousands) | Age-adjusted percent1 (standard error) | Number (in thousands) | Age-adjusted percent1 (standard error) | Number (in thousands) | Age-adjusted percent1 (standard error) | 2002–2007 | 2007–2012 | 2002–2012 | ||
| Total2 | 65,169 | 32.3 (0.37) | 77,032 | 35.5 (0.48) | 76,222 | 33.2 (0.42) | †3.2 | †−2.3 | 0.9 | * Quadratic |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Men | 27,115 | 27.9 (0.49) | 32,884 | 31.4 (0.61) | 31,818 | 28.9 (0.54) | †3.5 | †−2.5 | 1.0 | ** Quadratic |
| Women | 38,053 | 36.4 (0.48) | 44,148 | 39.4 (0.61) | 44,404 | 37.4 (0.54) | †3.0 | −2.0 | 1.0 | * Quadratic |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||
| 18–44 | 34,842 | 33.0 (0.48) | 36,705 | 34.2 (0.63) | 34,600 | 32.2 (0.57) | 1.2 | −2.0 | −0.8 | * Linear |
| 45–64 | 23,041 | 36.5 (0.64) | 29,507 | 40.1 (0.80) | 29,048 | 36.8 (0.63) | †3.6 | †−3.3 | 0.3 | * Quadratic |
| 65 and over. | 7,286 | 22.7 (0.64) | 10,820 | 31.1 (0.92) | 11,789 | 29.4 (0.73) | †8.4 | −1.5 | †6.9 | * Quadratic |
| Hispanic or Latino origin and race | ||||||||||
| Hispanic | 5,626 | 26.4 (0.80) | 6,162 | 21.6 (0.91) | 7,525 | 22.0 (0.76) | †−4.8 | 0.4 | †−4.4 | * Quadratic |
| Non-Hispanic white | 50,219 | 34.4 (0.44) | 59,814 | 40.2 (0.60) | 57,008 | 37.9 (0.53) | †5.8 | †−2.3 | †3.5 | *** Quadratic |
| Non-Hispanic black | 5,181 | 22.9 (0.66) | 5,688 | 22.9 (0.90) | 4,957 | 19.3 (0.75) | 0.0 | †−3.6 | †−3.6 | * Linear |
| Non-Hispanic other3 | 4,142 | 41.5 (1.59) | 5,368 | 39.6 (1.66) | 5,946 | 37.3 (1.21) | −1.9 | −2.3 | −4.2 | *** Linear |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Less than high school diploma | 5,918 | 18.6 (0.68) | 6,440 | 18.9 (0.85) | 4,980 | 15.6 (0.72) | −0.3 | −2.0 | †−3.0 | *** Quadratic |
| High school diploma or GED4 | 15,777 | 26.6 (0.53) | 17,457 | 28.1 (0.85) | 14,744 | 24.4 (0.64) | −1.5 | †−3.7 | †−2.2 | *** Quadratic |
| Some college education | 14,244 | 35.6 (0.75) | 23,189 | 41.3 (0.80) | 16,762 | 36.5 (0.82) | †5.7 | †−4.8 | 0.9 | * Quadratic |
| College degree or higher | 28,953 | 42.1 (0.67) | 29,743 | 46.7 (0.82) | 39,586 | 42.6 (0.64) | †4.6 | †−4.1 | 0.5 | * Quadratic |
| Poverty status5 | ||||||||||
| Poor | 4,127 | 25.1 (0.99) | 6,107 | 26.6 (1.02) | 6,315 | 20.6 (0.76) | 1.5 | †−6.0 | †−4.5 | *** Quadratic |
| Near-poor | 6,961 | 27.7 (0.79) | 8,380 | 27.9 (0.98) | 9,283 | 25.5 (0.79) | 0.2 | −2.4 | −2.2 | *** Linear |
| Not-poor | 41,962 | 36.8 (0.48) | 55,953 | 40.3 (0.64) | 55,490 | 38.4 (0.53) | †3.5 | −1.9 | 1.6 | *** Quadratic |
| Health insurance6 | ||||||||||
| Private | 49,839 | 34.6 (0.42) | 56,900 | 39.0 (0.59) | 54,389 | 38.0 (0.50) | †4.4 | −1.0 | †3.4 | * Quadratic |
| Public | 6,402 | 25.8 (0.92) | 9,401 | 27.0 (1.00) | 11,387 | 24.8 (0.84) | 1.2 | −2.2 | −1.0 | ** Quadratic |
| Uninsured | 8,730 | 28.4 (1.21) | 10,382 | 27.8 (1.66) | 9,505 | 22.9 (1.09) | −0.6 | †−4.9 | †−5.5 | *** Quadratic |
†Difference between both years is statistically significant at p < 0.05.
0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.
*Significance of the chi-squared statistics is < 0.001.
**Significance of the chi-squared statistics is < 0.01.
***Significance of the chi-squared statistics is < 0.05.
1The denominator used in the calculation of percentages was all sample adults.
2Total was defined by a “yes” response to use of one or more of the following in the past 12 months: acupuncture; Ayurveda; biofeedback; chelation therapy; chiropractic care; energy healing therapy or Reiki; vegetarian and vegan, macrobiotic, Atkins, Pritikin, and Ornish diets; folk medicine; guided imagery; homeopathic treatment; hypnosis; naturopathy; nonvitamin, nonmineral, dietary supplements; massage; meditation; progressive relaxation; qi gong; tai chi; or yoga. The use of prayer for health reasons, megavitamin supplements, and special diets not listed, was not included. Respondents may have reported using more than one type of approach.
3Non-Hispanic other and persons of multiple races is a very broad and varied category of persons from a variety of races and ethnicities. This group may be more diverse than the other racial and ethnic groups.
4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
5Based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. Poor persons had a total annual income below the poverty threshold; near-poor persons had incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold; not-poor persons had incomes that were 200% of the poverty threshold or greater.
6Based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. “Uninsured” includes persons who had no coverage and those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care.
NOTES: All estimates except age groups were age-adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population and using four age groups: 18–24, 25–44, 45–64, and 65 and over. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 2002, 2007, and 2012.