Physician characteristicsHerbs and nonvitamin supplements
p
Yoga
p
Acupuncture
p
Mind–body therapies
p
aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) 
Sex
      
 Male
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
 Female
1.85 (1.46–2.35)
0.0000
2.16 (1.70–2.75)
0.0000
1.65 (1.27–2.13)
0.0002
2.63 (2.02–3.41)
0.0000
Age
        
 <45 Years
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
 45–54 Years
1.06 (0.80–1.40)
0.6852
0.90 (0.67–1.21)
0.4895
0.95 (0.69–1.31)
0.7614
0.93 (0.67–1.29)
0.6608
 55–64 Years
1.23 (0.93–1.62)
0.1424
0.90 (0.67–1.21)
0.4784
1.08 (0.79–1.47)
0.6423
1.09 (0.79–1.51)
0.6041
 ≥65 Years
0.93 (0.65–1.34)
0.7010
0.64 (0.43–0.94)
0.0222
0.84 (0.56–1.26)
0.3944
0.77 (0.49–1.20)
0.2400
Race
        
 White
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
 Asian
0.73 (0.49–1.07)
0.1033
1.14 (0.81–1.61)
0.4515
1.09 (0.74–1.60)
0.6735
0.96 (0.64–1.44)
0.8422
 Other
1.02 (0.67–1.54)
0.9368
0.80 (0.51–1.26)
0.3409
0.79 (0.48–1.30)
0.3545
0.80 (0.50–1.29)
0.3545
Specialty
        
 Gen/Fam
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
 Internal
0.95 (0.64–1.39)
0.7789
1.22 (0.83–1.81)
0.3120
0.70 (0.46–1.08)
0.1035
0.94 (0.59–1.50)
0.7911
 Psychiatry
0.57 (0.37–0.88)
0.0116
1.39 (0.91–2.12)
0.1290
0.55 (0.34.0.89)
0.0159
3.11 (1.98–4.91)
0.0000
 OB/GYN
0.59 (0.39–0.92)
0.0185
0.82 (0.54–1.26)
0.3758
0.59 (0.36–0.95)
0.0301
0.95 (0.60–1.50)
0.8167
 Pediatrics
0.51 (0.35–0.75)
0.0006
0.36 (0.24–0.55)
0.0000
0.22 (0.14–0.37)
0.0000
0.44 (0.28–0.70)
0.0006
 Other
0.33 (0.25–0.43)
0.0000
0.33 (0.24–0.44)
0.0000
0.31 (0.23–0.41)
0.0000
0.39 (0.28–0.54)
0.0000
Type of physician
        
 MD
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
0.2276
1.00
0.1648
 DO
1.43 (0.98–2.08)
0.0603
1.11 (0.74–1.68)
0.6154
1.27 (0.86–1.87)
 
1.36 (0.88–2.09)
 
Location of medical school
        
 United States
1.00
0.0501
1.00
0.3604
1.00
0.0371
1.00
0.2907
 Foreign
0.73 (0.54–1.00)
 
0.87 (0.65–1.17)
 
0.70 (0.50–0.98)
 
0.83 (0.59–1.17)
 
MSA status
        
 MSA
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
0.1838
 Non-MSA
0.99 (0.74–1.32)
0.9299
0.62 (0.45–0.85)
0.0032
0.68 (0.47–0.99)
0.0442
0.78 (0.55–1.12)
 
U.S. Census region
        
 Northeast
0.67 (0.49–0.93)
0.0158
0.58 (0.42–0.81)
0.0012
0.64 (0.47–0.89)
0.0076
0.47 (0.33–0.67)
0.0000
 Midwest
0.54 (0.40–0.72)
0.0000
0.46 (0.34–0.62)
0.0000
0.31 (0.23–0.43)
0.0000
0.36 (0.26–0.49)
0.0000
 South
0.47 (0.35–0.62)
0.0000
0.35 (0.26–0.46)
0.0000
0.24 (0.17–0.32)
0.0000
0.29 (0.21–0.39)
0.0000
 West1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 

Any CHA includes the following: massage therapy, chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, herbs and other nonvitamin supplements, yoga, acupuncture, mind–body therapies (such as guided imagery, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation, not including prayer), biofeedback or hypnosis, homeopathic treatment, and naturopathic treatment.

aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CHA, complementary health approach; CI, confidence interval; DO, doctor of osteopathic medicine; Gen/Fam, general and family practice; MD, doctor of medicine; MSA, metropolitan statistical area; OB/GYN, obstetrics and gynecology.

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Physician Induction Interview, 2012 (n for males = 4265; n for females = 1357).