TABLE 2

Estimated Effects of Treatments on Most Severe Pain and Average Pain Intensity in the Past Week and in Neck Disability Score From Baseline to Each Follow-Up Assessment, by Follow-Up Interval and Treatment Contrast: Results of Ordinary Least Squares Regression Analyses

		Most Severe Pain		Average Pain		Neck Disability
Follow-Up Interval	Treatment Contrast	Mean Differencea	95% CI	Mean Differencea	95% CI	Mean Differencea	95% CI
0–2 weeks	Manip vs mob	0.06	–0.40, 0.53	–0.14	–0.55, 0.26	1.03	–0.022, 2.08
	Heat vs no heat	–0.64	–1.10, –0.18	–0.39	–0.80, 0.012	–0.77	–1.82, 0.28
	EMS vs no EMS	0.03	–0.43, 0.50	–0.13	–0.53, 0.27	–0.46	–1.50, 0.59
0–6 weeks	Manip vs mob	0.40	–0.19, 1.00	0.23	–0.26, 0.72	0.92	–0.32, 2.17
	Heat vs no heat	–0.15	–0.74, 0.44	–0.19	–0.68, 0.30	–0.12	–1.36, 1.12
	EMS vs no EMS	0.10	–0.49, 0.69	–0.06	–0.55, 0.43	0.28	–0.96, 1.51
0–3 months	Manip vs mob	0.13	–0.52, 0.78	0.05	–0.46, 0.56	0.05	–1.33, 1.44
	Heat vs no heat	–0.02	–0.66, 0.62	0.05	–0.46, 0.57	0.57	–0.81, 1.95
	EMS vs no EMS	0.25	–0.39, 0.90	0.31	–0.20, 0.82	0.13	–1.24, 1.50
0–6 months	Manip vs mob	–0.02	–0.69, 0.65	0.010	–0.52, 0.54	0.46	–0.89, 1.82
	Heat vs no heat	–0.57	–1.24, 0.088	–0.36	–0.89, 0.17	–0.67	–2.03, 0.68
	EMS vs no EMS	0.23	–0.43, 0.89	0.33	–0.19, 0.85	0.73	–0.61, 2.08

Note. Effects are expressed as adjusted mean differences in improvement and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for manipulation (Manip) vs mobilization (mob), heat vs no heat, and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) vs no EMS.

^aEstimated effects adjusted for age, sex, neck-pain episode duration, frequency of neck pain, history of neck pain, baseline mental health score, and baseline value of the outcome measure. Negative values indicate more improvement in the first treatment listed in each contrast.