The association between different outcome measures and prognostic factors in patients with neck pain: a cohort study

Birgitte Lawaetz Myhrvold; Alice Kongsted; Pernille Irgens; Hilde Stendal Robinson; Nina K Vøllestad

doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05558-5

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 941) and Non-responders at 12-week follow-up (n = 372)

Study sample Non-responders
Number participants, n 941 372
Sociodemographic and physical leisure activity
Gender, females (%) 693 (74) 274 (74)
Age, mean years (SD), Range (18–85) 45 (13) 41 (13)
Education level, n (%)
High 535 (57) 172 (46)
Medium 357 (38) 177 (48)
Low 48 (5) 20 (5)
Physical activity, ≥ 1 per week (%) 652 (69) 256 (69)
Employment status, employed (%) 761 (81) 301 (81)
Clinician-reported
Consultation-type, n (%)
  First-time consultation 145 (16) 76 (21)
  Follow-up consultation 271 (30) 111 (31)
  Maintenance consultation 498 (54) 171 (48)
Neck pain symptoms and history
Radiating pain to shoulder and/or elbow, yes (%) 707 (75) 279 (75)
Patient Previous pattern, n (%)
Single episode 88 (9) 33 (9)
Episodic pain 307 (33) 105 (28)
Mild pain/ recovering 87 (9) 36 (10)
Fluctuating pain 404 (43) 161 (43)
Moderate/severe pain 23 (2) 15 (4)
Neither/ Unsure 24 (2.5) 14 (4)
Pain intensity, (0–10), mean (SD) 4.7 (2.2) 4.9 (2.3)
Previous episodes, n (%)
No, first 125 (13) 61 (16)
Yes, 1–3 times previously 147 (16) 73 (20)
Yes, > 3 times previously 241 (26) 87 (23)
Yes, More or less chronic 425 (45) 151 (41)
Duration current episode, n (%)
< 1 month 206 (22) 92 (25)
1–3 months 133 (14) 57 (15)
> 3 months 591 (63) 216 (58)
NDI, (0–50) mean (SD) 11.5 (6.6) 12.1 (6.8)
General health/Comorbidity
Number of MSK pain-site, (0–10), mean (SD) 4.6 (2.2) 4.6 (2.2)
EQ-5D-index, (0–1), mean (SD) 0.85 (0.13) 0.85 (0.12)
Psychosocial
Patient Expected pattern, n (%)
  Single episode 191 (20) 68 (18)
  Episodic pain 331 (35) 119 (32)
  Mild pain/ recovering 108 (11) 45 (12)
  Fluctuating pain 191 (20) 88 (24)
  Moderate/severe pain 5 (0.5) 6 (2)
  Neither/ Unsure 114 (12) 45 (12)
Expectations, mean (SD) 5.9 (3.1) 5.6 (3.1)
HSCL, (0–4), mean (SD) 1.6 (0.5) 1.7 (0.5)
Örebro screening questionnaire, (0–100), mean (SD) 39.5 (15.4) 40.9 (16.2)

Pain intensity from NRS: the 11-point numerical rating scale [32], psychosocial risk factors: Örebro Screening Questionnair [54, 55], HSCL-10, Hopkins Symptom Checklist measuring emotional stress [56], NDI, Neck Disability Index measuring disability [33], EQ-5D-index measuring HRQoL [37], SD, Standard deviation

	Study sample	Non-responders
Number participants, n	941	372
Sociodemographic and physical leisure activity
Gender, females (%)	693 (74)	274 (74)
Age, mean years (SD), Range (18–85)	45 (13)	41 (13)
Education level, n (%)
High	535 (57)	172 (46)
Medium	357 (38)	177 (48)
Low	48 (5)	20 (5)
Physical activity, ≥ 1 per week (%)	652 (69)	256 (69)
Employment status, employed (%)	761 (81)	301 (81)
Clinician-reported
Consultation-type, n (%)
First-time consultation	145 (16)	76 (21)
Follow-up consultation	271 (30)	111 (31)
Maintenance consultation	498 (54)	171 (48)
Neck pain symptoms and history
Radiating pain to shoulder and/or elbow, yes (%)	707 (75)	279 (75)
Patient Previous pattern, n (%)
Single episode	88 (9)	33 (9)
Episodic pain	307 (33)	105 (28)
Mild pain/ recovering	87 (9)	36 (10)
Fluctuating pain	404 (43)	161 (43)
Moderate/severe pain	23 (2)	15 (4)
Neither/ Unsure	24 (2.5)	14 (4)
Pain intensity, (0–10), mean (SD)	4.7 (2.2)	4.9 (2.3)
Previous episodes, n (%)
No, first	125 (13)	61 (16)
Yes, 1–3 times previously	147 (16)	73 (20)
Yes, > 3 times previously	241 (26)	87 (23)
Yes, More or less chronic	425 (45)	151 (41)
Duration current episode, n (%)
< 1 month	206 (22)	92 (25)
1–3 months	133 (14)	57 (15)
> 3 months	591 (63)	216 (58)
NDI, (0–50) mean (SD)	11.5 (6.6)	12.1 (6.8)
General health/Comorbidity
Number of MSK pain-site, (0–10), mean (SD)	4.6 (2.2)	4.6 (2.2)
EQ-5D-index, (0–1), mean (SD)	0.85 (0.13)	0.85 (0.12)
Psychosocial
Patient Expected pattern, n (%)
Single episode	191 (20)	68 (18)
Episodic pain	331 (35)	119 (32)
Mild pain/ recovering	108 (11)	45 (12)
Fluctuating pain	191 (20)	88 (24)
Moderate/severe pain	5 (0.5)	6 (2)
Neither/ Unsure	114 (12)	45 (12)
Expectations, mean (SD)	5.9 (3.1)	5.6 (3.1)
HSCL, (0–4), mean (SD)	1.6 (0.5)	1.7 (0.5)
Örebro screening questionnaire, (0–100), mean (SD)	39.5 (15.4)	40.9 (16.2)