Development and evaluation of the MAINTAIN instrument, selecting patients suitable for secondary or tertiary preventive manual care: the Nordic maintenance care program

doi:10.1186/s12998-022-00424-6

Table 1

Patient demographics of the 4 datasets

Variable Dataset 1 (Development) Dataset 2 (External validation) Dataset 3 (External validation) Dataset 4 (External validation)
Description of recruitment sites and sample characteristics Primary care “Chiropractic”, not on sick leave Primary care, not on sick leave with a high risk of chronicity Secondary care, recurrent sick leave Secondary care, ongoing sick leave
n 249 128 251 184
Female, n (%) 154 (61.8) 14 (10.9) 140 (55.8) 101 (54.9)
Age, Mean (SD) 43.4 (11.9) 41.5 (9.6) 42.3 (9.3) 43.6 (10.3)
Pain Severity^a, Mean (SD) 3.3 (1.1) 2.8 (1.3) 3.5 (1.1) 3.7 (1.1)
Interference^a, Mean (SD) 2.8 (1.3) 2.5 (1.3) 3.8 (1.1) 3.8 (1.0)
Life Control^a, Mean (SD) 3.5 (1.1) 3.8 (1.1) 3.2 (1.1) 3.1 (1.2)
Affective Distress^a, Mean (SD) 2.7 (1.3) 2.3 (1.4) 2.6 (1.6) 2.8 (1.5)
Support^a, Mean (SD) 4.1 (1.6) 4.2 (1.6) 4.6 (1.5) 4.8 (1.6)
Punishing Responses^a, Mean (SD) 1.1 (1.3) 1.3 (1.3) 1.1 (1.2) 1.0 (1.2)
Solicitous Responses^a, Mean (SD) 2.7 (1.4) 2.9 (1.4) 3.2 (1.4) 3.1 (1.4)
Distracting responses^a, Mean (SD) 2.8 (1.4) 3.0 (1.6) 3.1 (1.6) 3.2 (1.6)
MPI-Subgroup, % (AC/ID/DYS) 36.5/24.9/38.6 48.4/25.8/25.8 24.9/24.5/50.6 21.2/25.5/53.3
MAINTAIN Score, − 12 to 48, Mean (SD) 20.0 (8.4) 16.5 (9.7) 23.0 (8.9) 23.5 (8.1)

SD, Standard Deviation

AC, Adaptive Coper;

ID, Interpersonally Distressed;

DYS, Dysfunctional;

SD, Standard Deviation

Variable	Dataset 1 (Development)	Dataset 2 (External validation)	Dataset 3 (External validation)	Dataset 4 (External validation)
Description of recruitment sites and sample characteristics	Primary care “Chiropractic”, not on sick leave	Primary care, not on sick leave with a high risk of chronicity	Secondary care, recurrent sick leave	Secondary care, ongoing sick leave
n	249	128	251	184
Female, n (%)	154 (61.8)	14 (10.9)	140 (55.8)	101 (54.9)
Age, Mean (SD)	43.4 (11.9)	41.5 (9.6)	42.3 (9.3)	43.6 (10.3)
Pain Severity^a, Mean (SD)	3.3 (1.1)	2.8 (1.3)	3.5 (1.1)	3.7 (1.1)
Interference^a, Mean (SD)	2.8 (1.3)	2.5 (1.3)	3.8 (1.1)	3.8 (1.0)
Life Control^a, Mean (SD)	3.5 (1.1)	3.8 (1.1)	3.2 (1.1)	3.1 (1.2)
Affective Distress^a, Mean (SD)	2.7 (1.3)	2.3 (1.4)	2.6 (1.6)	2.8 (1.5)
Support^a, Mean (SD)	4.1 (1.6)	4.2 (1.6)	4.6 (1.5)	4.8 (1.6)
Punishing Responses^a, Mean (SD)	1.1 (1.3)	1.3 (1.3)	1.1 (1.2)	1.0 (1.2)
Solicitous Responses^a, Mean (SD)	2.7 (1.4)	2.9 (1.4)	3.2 (1.4)	3.1 (1.4)
Distracting responses^a, Mean (SD)	2.8 (1.4)	3.0 (1.6)	3.1 (1.6)	3.2 (1.6)
MPI-Subgroup, % (AC/ID/DYS)	36.5/24.9/38.6	48.4/25.8/25.8	24.9/24.5/50.6	21.2/25.5/53.3
MAINTAIN Score, − 12 to 48, Mean (SD)	20.0 (8.4)	16.5 (9.7)	23.0 (8.9)	23.5 (8.1)