Table 4

Prevalence of back pain at T-2 by characteristics of the study sample at T-1 and longitudinal association between major depression at T-1 and back pain at T-2.

Model 4: Longitudinal Association between Major Depression at T-1 and Back Pain at T-2
		Back Pain at T-2 (%)	p	PR	95% CI	p
Health outcome
Major depression at T-1			<0.001
	No	7.4		1.00
	Yes	15.4		1.48	(1.04, 2.12)	0.03
Demographic characteristic
Age			0.014
	30–49	21.1		1.00
	50–59	24.0		1.23	(0.92, 1.63)	0.16
	60–75+	27.3		1.39	(1.05, 1.84)	0.02
Sex			0.019
	Male	21.8		1.00
	Female	26.0		1.07	(0.85, 1.34)	0.57
Socioeconomic status
Education			<0.001
	High school or less	31.3		1.00
	Some college	25.1		1.00	(0.69, 1.44)	1.00
	College and more	20.0		0.95	(0.75, 1.21)	0.68
Personal earning			<0.001
	<$19,999	28.9		1.00
	$20,000–$59,999	24.5		0.96	(0.74, 1.26)	0.79
	$60,000–$200,000+	17.6		1.07	(0.80, 1.43)	0.64
Health behavior
Leisure-time physical activity			<0.001
	Inactive	19.3		1.00
	Insufficiently active	21.4		0.79	(0.61, 1.02)	0.08
	Active	29.3		0.82	(0.61, 1.11)	0.21
Tobacco use			0.002
	No	23.1		1.00
	Yes	31.0		1.03	(0.74, 1.45)	0.85
Alcohol consumption			0.004
	Heavy drinkers	26.6		1.00
	Light to moderate drinkers	20.9		0.72	(0.53, 0.99)	0.05
	Non drinkers	27.4		0.82	(0.59, 1.13)	0.23
Obesity			0.002
	No	22.3		1.00
	Yes	28.3		1.23	(0.97, 1.57)	0.09