J Athl Train 2021 (Apr 1); 56 (4): 427–436

Table 1.

Baseline Participant Characteristics

Characteristic	Intervention Groupa (n = 55)	Control Groupb,c (n = 55)
Age, mean ± SD (range), y	20 ± 3 (47–65)	21 ± 4 (45–64)
Mass, mean ± SD, kg	59 ± 9	60 ± 8
Sex, No. (%)
 Males	30 (54.5)	29 (52.7)
 Females	25 (45.5)	26 (47.3)
Pain duration, No. (%), y
 1–5	20 (36.4)	17 (30.9)
 >5	35 (63.6)	38 (69.1)
Sport,d No. (%)
 Baseball	11 (20.0)	13 (23.6)
 Football	27 (49.1)	24 (43.6)
 Handball	12 (21.8)	13 (23.6)
 Other	5 (9.1)	5 (9.1)

^a   The group received standard care plus the Denneroll device (Denneroll Spinal Orthotics),

^b   The group received standard care only.

^c   Percentages were rounded, so the sum may not equal 100%.

^d   The athletic activity in which the participant was involved.