Definition and classification for adverse events following spinal and peripheral joint manipulation and mobilization: A scoping review

Martha Funabashi; Lindsay M. Gorrell; Katherine A. Pohlman; Andrea Bergna; Nicola R. Heneghan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270671

Table 9

References cited by studies providing an indirect adverse event definition and/or classification system (n = 27).

Cited by # studies References
Peer-reviewed articles (n = 24) Books, websites and other sources (n = 3)
6 Senstad O, Leboeuf-Yde C, Borchgrevink C. Frequency and Characteristics of side effects of spinal manipulative therapy. Spine 1997;22(4):435–41.
4 Leboeuf-Yde et al. Side effects of chiropractic treatment: a prospective study. JMPT 1997; 20(8):511–515
3 Cagnie B, Vinck E, Beernaert A, et al.
How Common Are Side Effects of Spinal Manipulation
And Can These Side Effects Be Predicted?
Manual Therapy 2004 (Aug); 9 (3): 151�156
2 Carnes D, Mullinger B, Underwood M. Defining adverse events in manual therapies: a modified Delphi consensus study. Manual Therapy 2010;15(1):2e6.
Senstad O, Leboeuf-Yde C, Borchgrevink CF. Side-effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation: types, frequency, discomfort and course. Scand J Prim Health Care 1996;14(1):50–53
Dictionary Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999 & 2006
1 Carlesso LC, Cairney J, Dolovich L, Hoogenes J. Defining adverse events in manual therapy: an exploratory qualitative analysis of the patient perspective. Man Ther 2011;16(5):440e6.
de Campos TF. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management NICE Guideline [NG59]. J Physiother. 2017;63(2):120.
Ernst E. Prospective investigations into the safety of spinal manipulation. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 238–242, 2001.
Fish D, Kretzmann H, Brantingham JW, Globe G, Korporaal C, Moen J. A randomized clinical trial to determine the effect of combining a topical capsaicin cream and knee joint mobilization in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Am Chiropr Assoc 2008;45:8–23.
Hebert JJ, Stomski NJ, French SD, Rubinstein SM. Serious adverse events and spinal manipulative therapy of the low back region: a systematic review of cases. J Manip Physiol Ther. 2015;38(9):677–691.
Hurwitz EL, Aker PO, Adams AH, Meeker WC, Shekelle PG.
Manipulation and Mobilization of the Cervical Spine:
A Systematic Review of the Literature
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996 (Aug 1); 21 (15): 1746�1760
Hurwitz, H. Morgenstern, M. Vassilaki, and L. Chiang, “Adverse reactions to chiropractic treatment and their effects on satisfaction and clinical outcomes among patients enrolled in the UCLA Neck Pain Study,” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 16–25, 2004.
Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, et al. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA Neck Pain Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005; 30(13):1477–1484
Long A, Esmonde L, Connolly S. A typology of negative responses: a case study of shiatsu. Complement Ther Med 2009;17:168e75.
Nadareishvili Z, Norris JW. Stroke from traumatic arterial dissection. The Lancet 1999;354:158–159.
Nixdorf D: Current standards of material risk. JCCA 1990, 34(2):87–89
Paanalahti K, Holm LW, Nordin M, et al. Adverse events after manual therapy among patients seeking care for neck and/or back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:77.
Paige NM, Miake-Lye IM, Booth MS, et al. Association of spinal manipulative therapy with clinical benefit and harm for acute low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2017;317(14):1451–1460.
Rajendran D, Mullinger B, Fossum C, Collins P, Froud R. Monitoring self-reported adverse events: a prospective, pilot study in a UK osteopathic teaching clinic. Int J Osteopath Med 2009;12(2):49e55.
Rivett DA, Milburn P. A prospective study of complications of cervical spine manipulation. J Man Manip Ther 1996;4:166–170.
Rubinstein SM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Knol DL, de Koekkoek TE, Pfeifle CE, van Tulder MW. Predictors of adverse events following chiropractic care for patients with neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2008;31:94e103.
Swait G, Finch R. What are the risks of manual treatment of the spine? A scoping review for clinicians. Chiropr Man Ther. 2017;25:1–15.
Walker BF, Hebert JJ, Stomski NJ, et al. Outcomes of usual chiropractic; harm (OUCH) randomised controlled trial of adverse events. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38:1723–9.
Dvorak J, Kranzlin P, Muhleman D, Walchli B. Musculoskeletal complications. In: Haldeman S, editor. Principles and practice of chiropractic. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange, 1992:549–77
SECAF SotAF: Air Force Instruction 44–119: Medical Quality Operations. In: Department of the Air Force; 2011:290.

Cited by # studies	References
Cited by # studies	Peer-reviewed articles (n = 24)	Books, websites and other sources (n = 3)
6	Senstad O, Leboeuf-Yde C, Borchgrevink C. Frequency and Characteristics of side effects of spinal manipulative therapy. Spine 1997;22(4):435–41.
4	Leboeuf-Yde et al. Side effects of chiropractic treatment: a prospective study. JMPT 1997; 20(8):511–515
3	Cagnie B, Vinck E, Beernaert A, et al. How Common Are Side Effects of Spinal Manipulation And Can These Side Effects Be Predicted? Manual Therapy 2004 (Aug); 9 (3): 151�156
2	Carnes D, Mullinger B, Underwood M. Defining adverse events in manual therapies: a modified Delphi consensus study. Manual Therapy 2010;15(1):2e6.
	Senstad O, Leboeuf-Yde C, Borchgrevink CF. Side-effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation: types, frequency, discomfort and course. Scand J Prim Health Care 1996;14(1):50–53
		Dictionary Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999 & 2006
1	Carlesso LC, Cairney J, Dolovich L, Hoogenes J. Defining adverse events in manual therapy: an exploratory qualitative analysis of the patient perspective. Man Ther 2011;16(5):440e6.
	de Campos TF. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management NICE Guideline [NG59]. J Physiother. 2017;63(2):120.
	Ernst E. Prospective investigations into the safety of spinal manipulation. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 238–242, 2001.
	Fish D, Kretzmann H, Brantingham JW, Globe G, Korporaal C, Moen J. A randomized clinical trial to determine the effect of combining a topical capsaicin cream and knee joint mobilization in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Am Chiropr Assoc 2008;45:8–23.
	Hebert JJ, Stomski NJ, French SD, Rubinstein SM. Serious adverse events and spinal manipulative therapy of the low back region: a systematic review of cases. J Manip Physiol Ther. 2015;38(9):677–691.
	Hurwitz EL, Aker PO, Adams AH, Meeker WC, Shekelle PG. Manipulation and Mobilization of the Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review of the Literature Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996 (Aug 1); 21 (15): 1746�1760
	Hurwitz, H. Morgenstern, M. Vassilaki, and L. Chiang, “Adverse reactions to chiropractic treatment and their effects on satisfaction and clinical outcomes among patients enrolled in the UCLA Neck Pain Study,” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 16–25, 2004.
	Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, et al. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA Neck Pain Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005; 30(13):1477–1484
	Long A, Esmonde L, Connolly S. A typology of negative responses: a case study of shiatsu. Complement Ther Med 2009;17:168e75.
	Nadareishvili Z, Norris JW. Stroke from traumatic arterial dissection. The Lancet 1999;354:158–159.
	Nixdorf D: Current standards of material risk. JCCA 1990, 34(2):87–89
	Paanalahti K, Holm LW, Nordin M, et al. Adverse events after manual therapy among patients seeking care for neck and/or back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:77.
	Paige NM, Miake-Lye IM, Booth MS, et al. Association of spinal manipulative therapy with clinical benefit and harm for acute low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2017;317(14):1451–1460.
	Rajendran D, Mullinger B, Fossum C, Collins P, Froud R. Monitoring self-reported adverse events: a prospective, pilot study in a UK osteopathic teaching clinic. Int J Osteopath Med 2009;12(2):49e55.
	Rivett DA, Milburn P. A prospective study of complications of cervical spine manipulation. J Man Manip Ther 1996;4:166–170.
	Rubinstein SM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Knol DL, de Koekkoek TE, Pfeifle CE, van Tulder MW. Predictors of adverse events following chiropractic care for patients with neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2008;31:94e103.
	Swait G, Finch R. What are the risks of manual treatment of the spine? A scoping review for clinicians. Chiropr Man Ther. 2017;25:1–15.
	Walker BF, Hebert JJ, Stomski NJ, et al. Outcomes of usual chiropractic; harm (OUCH) randomised controlled trial of adverse events. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38:1723–9.
		Dvorak J, Kranzlin P, Muhleman D, Walchli B. Musculoskeletal complications. In: Haldeman S, editor. Principles and practice of chiropractic. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange, 1992:549–77
		SECAF SotAF: Air Force Instruction 44–119: Medical Quality Operations. In: Department of the Air Force; 2011:290.