Table 2

Health insurance and healthcare utilization among US adults, ages 20–69, with and without chronic low back pain (N = 5103).

	% Total (SE%) N = 5103	% with cLBP (SE%) N=700	% w/o cLBP (SE%) N=4403	Chi-Sq P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	AOR P-value
Have medical insurance	76.7 (1.1)	76.7 (2.0)	76.7 (1.3)	0.76	0.91 (0.64–1.28)	0.58
Type of insurance
Private	76.7 (1.1)	61.1 (2.9)	79.0 (1.2)	<0.0001	1 (Ref.)	<0.0001
Medicare	7.0 (0.4)	13.2 (1.6)	6.1 (0.4)		2.25 (1.57–3.22)
Medicaid	7.2 (0.5)	14.1 (1.4)	6.2 (0.6)		3.23 (2.19–4.75)
State-sponsored	3.6 (0.6)	4.0 (0.9)	3.6 (0.6)		1.51 (0.90–2.54)
Other govt-sponsored	5.5 (0.9)	7.7 (1.5)	5.1 (0.9)		1.94 (1.28–2.95)
Healthcare visits in the past year
<2	37.0 (1.0)	23.8 (2.5)	39.0 (0.9)	<0.0001	1 (Ref.)	<0.0001
2–9	50.9 (0.9)	52.4 (2.9)	50.6 (0.8)		1.55 (1.12–2.16)
≥10	12.1 (0.7)	23.8 (1.8)	10.4 (0.7)		3.35 (2.40–4.67)
Hospitalized overnight in the past year	9.8 (0.6)	16.5 (2.0)	8.8 (0.6)	<0.0001	1.95 (1.47–2.59)	<0.0001

SE – standard error. cLBP – chronic low back pain. AOR – adjusted odds ratio, adjusted for age, race, gender, education. CI – confidence interval. Govt – government. Reference category not displayed for binary variables.