Table 3.

Mean change score between each time point for pain, fear-avoidance, and catastrophization with significance values and effect sizes

	Friedman’s ANOVA	Change between arrival and post history			Change between post history and post physical examination			Change between arrival and post physical examination
	p-Value	Mean change	p-Value	Effect size (r)	Mean change	p-Value	Effect size (r)	Mean change	p-Value	Effect size (r)
NPRS – low back	0.003	0.95	0.345	0.19	0.28	0.489	0.17	1.23	0.009	0.36
NPRS – leg	<0.001	1.04	0.033	0.31	−0.09	1.00	−0.02	0.95	0.054	0.29
FABQ – PA	0.041	1.62	0.825	0.13	1.06	.609	0.15	2.68	.054	0.29
FABQ – W	0.097	1.56	n/a	0.18	0.91	n/a	0.13	2.47	n/a	0.29
PCS	<0.001	2.71	.003	0.40	0.48	1.00	0.09	3.19	<0.001	0.49

NPRS, numeric pain rating scale; FABQ-PA, fear-avoidance belief questionnaire-physical activity subscale; FABQ-W, fear-avoidance belief questionnaire-work subscale; PCS, pain catastrophizing scale.