TDF domain	Overall cases (N)	Facilitators (N)	Barriers (N)	Themes Facilitators & Barriers (N)
Physical
Environmental context and resources Individual mentions something in their personal situation or environment discouraging or encouraging the development of skills, abilities, independence, social competence, and adaptive behavior for self-managing (symptoms, treatments, etc.) [any circumstance of a person's situation or environment that discourages or encourages the development of skills and abilities, independence, social competence, and adaptive behavior]	38	34	19	Atmosphere created by staff (21) “I really appreciated the fact that not only was everyone professional and really kind but that they was incredibly prompt and, punctual and proficient and, there handling of me from all the way through to everybody, it was, they were great. The staff was fantastic.” (13,709)
				Exercise schedule (10) “I like the fact that it increased slowly over time. We didn’t start out with a real intense program, we started out less” (10,272)
				Portability of exercises (7) “That I could do ‘em at home. (Laughs) Pretty much do ‘em, pretty much anywhere.” (11,170)
				Affordable (5) “Oh, I just really that simple that’s gonna cost me nothing.” (11,170)
				Handouts were helpful (5) “That I was able to do it on, on my own time. And that the pictures were given to me, cause’ again I’m visual and so to me it’s, it’s easier to look at, look at the pictures and be able to do them.” (10,140)
				Appointment scheduling flexibility (5) “How, convenient or how adjustable, when I needed to make changes in the time I could arrive or if I needed to change an appointment, how convenient those were” (10,272)
				Visit frequency (3) “The frequency of the visits and chiropractic adjustments” (10,178) Having time (3) “The fact that I am retired I do have the time” (10,307)
				Equipment (3) “It might sound silly but just the, there was a, a lotion that was used which was great but, just the smell of it…” Center accepts prior imaging (1) “The fact that you accepted the, the x-rays that I already had done.” (10,307)
				Changing providers (1) “What did I like least about that one? I guess changing, at the time when I changed doctor’s right in the middle. It was, kind of gone through all the explanations, we’d been doing everything up to a certain point and then we made a full change when we went from one doctor to the other. In the end, it probably ended being the best thing that could happen because I ended up getting’- some results, but at the time it was a little frustrating.” (10,272)
				Time constraints, barrier (12) “The whole exercise part though it, I know they talked about wanting to do it 3 times day…But with my schedule they said two was ok…I can’t imagine too many people would do it more than twice a day…”(10,289)
				Driving distance, barrier (3) “I think probably for, its, I have to drive here so far and so by the time I got here I was so stiff. So I think it wasn’t really the actual adjustments it was just that getting here that was probably the biggest hassle because I live northwest from here so it was a little bit of a drive.” (15,047)
				Exercise scheduled, barrier (2) “The number of exercises and the amount of time.” (laughs) “I could say that I think if I-being a programmer, I would have started heavy then worked more toward light-then carrying that same volume throughout-throughout the whole…It, it got to be at the end, it got you know-just to be, repetition but yet, uh, monotonous” (10,509)
				Lacking video or in-person visual demonstration, barrier (2) “I guess it would have to be my same answer from before. The reason for that is because, you know, although I have the picture there, I don't, it’s not necessarily, it’s not the same as a video or somebody standing there and correcting you,” (10,140)
				Space Constraints, barrier (2) “to do the things but when I’m…have my grandson with special needs then, of course that, you can’t lay on the floor but then he thinks you’re playing a game and he’s going to get on top of you to wrestle or something.” (13,097) Working a desk job, barrier (1) “I mean the change in the pain the-the…the reduction in the pain. And that, and that of course goes up and down because sitting is really bad for me and I sit the majority of time at work.” (14,479)
				Length of treatments visit wasn’t long enough, barrier (1) “The time wasn’t long enough.” (13,537) Visit Frequency, barrier (1) “I didn’t get called enough I’d once that my appointment had been cancelled. So I showed up, that’s about it.” (13,576)
Social
Social influences Individual mentions interpersonal interaction or influence causing their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors towards self-managing (symptoms, treatment, etc.) to change. [those interpersonal processes that can cause individuals to change their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors]	24	24	2	Therapeutic alliance (22) (caring, competency, professional, adaptability, honesty) “I think again, there it’s the, I guess the feeling that, he really- he did care and he was going beyond what really what might be expected. And, that is something that I think is fantastic. That, to me, that you know, demonstrates that the person um, is sincerely interested in not only, their field of medicine or what they’re doing but in helping the patients you know, work through whatever issues they have” (13,537)
				Practitioners providing knowledge (3) “to pick one thing in particular, each doctor that I saw provided an excellent, excellent explanation as to what they were doing with me, why they were doing it, and the fact that somehow it validated the pain that was in my head.” (10,140)
				Practitioner giving recommendations (2) “Person I worked with. She's was very comforting, very helpful. Went above and beyond, my appointment. She, if I'd see her when I was here, she would make recommendations and we’d discuss, new options.” (13,767)
				Changed views towards conservative care, practitioners (1) “I told one of the doctors that I had always heard that chiropractors were crack pots… and now I know better!” (10,151) Family Opinions, barrier (1) “My husband, my people think I am nuts, my family thinks I am nuts because I would just off, absolutely, leave and go do ‘em (patient laughs)” (10,151) Therapeutic alliance, barrier (1) “And then, even after just a massage and then after that she said is, you know, its ridiculous you’re even coming in. Making the drive” (13,246)

Table 3.