Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants receiving usual medical care plus chiropractic care vs. usual medical care alone by study site and overall (n = 144)

Bethesda Pensacola Overall
UMC + CC
(n = 47)		 UMC
(n = 46)		 UMC + CC
(n = 25)		 UMC
(n = 26)		 UMC + CC
(n = 72)		 UMC
(n = 72)
Age, years, mean (range)

35.1

(20–49)

34.1

(21–50)

28.1

(18–44)

30.1

(18–50)

32.7

(18–49)

32.7

(18–50)
Male, n (%) 34 (72) 34 (74) 23 (92) 22 (85) 57 (79) 56 (78)
 Race, n (%)
  White 23 (49) 23 (50) 21 (84) 23 (88) 44 (61) 46 (64)
  Black or African American 12 (26) 16 (35) 4 (16) 2 (8) 16 (22) 18 (25)
  Other/Unspecified 12 (26) 7 (15) 0 (0) 1 (4) 12 (17) 8 (11)
Hispanic or Latino 5 (11) 6 (13) 2 (8) 7 (27) 7 (10) 13 (18)
 LBP duration, n (%)
  Acute (< 3 months) 22 (47) 19 (41) 16 (64) 16 (62) 38 (53) 35 (49)
  Chronic (≥ 3 months) 25 (53) 27 (59) 9 (36) 10 (38) 34 (47) 37 (51)
RMDQ, 0–24, mean (SD) 9.1 (5.8) 10.0 (5.9) 10.0 (6.5) 11.2 (5.1) 9.4 (6.0) 10.4 (5.7)
Pain intensity, 0–10, mean (SD) 3.9 (1.5) 4.1 (1.8) 4.8 (1.9) 4.8 (2.1) 4.2 (1.7) 4.3 (1.9)
 PROMIS, T-Score, mean (SD)
  Pain Interference 59.1 (7.8) 58.8 (7.6) 61.7 (7.2) 61.2 (7.1) 60.0 (7.6) 59.7 (7.5)
  Physical Function* 55.2 (8.0) 55.8 (6.4) 58.9 (5.4) 58.4 (6.1) 56.5 (7.4) 56.8 (6.4)
  Sleep Disturbance 55.6 (7.2) 53.0 (7.1) 54.7 (6.2) 55.3 (10.3) 55.3 (6.9) 53.8 (8.4)
  Fatigue 51.2 (10.2) 50.8 (9.5) 52.8 (10.3) 50.7 (12.8) 51.7 (10.2) 50.7 (10.7)
  Anxiety 45.6 (6.9) 44.8 (7.0) 47.2 (7.4) 48.8 (10.6) 46.2 (7.0) 46.2 (8.6)
  Depression 44.5 (5.6) 42.4 (3.8) 44.2 (5.5) 45.3 (8.8) 44.4 (5.5) 43.4 (6.2)
  Social Role* 54.0 (9.0) 53.6 (8.7) 53.4 (6.9) 57.6 (9.8) 53.8 (8.3) 55.1 (9.3)

UMC+CC = Usual Medical Care plus Chiropractic Care,
UMC = Usual Medical Care Alone,
RMDQ = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire

*PROMIS physical function and social role are transformed by 100-(T-Score), making a higher value indicative of worse health