Table 1.

Coverage and Limitations for Selected Nonpharmacological Therapies Related 2017 Essential Health Benefits Benchmark Plans Across All States (N = No; Y = Yes).

StateAcupunctureManipulationLimitationsaDSM ExclusionsbCAM Exclusionsc
AlabamaNYYYY
AlaskaYYYYY
ArizonaNYYYN
ArkansasNYYYN
CaliforniaYNNN
ColoradoNNYN
ConnecticutNYYYN
DelawareNYYNN
District of ColumbiaNYYYN
FloridaNYYYY
GeorgiaNYYYY
HawaiiNNNY
IdahoNYYYY
IllinoisNYYYN
IndianaNYYYY
IowaNYNNN
KansasNYNNY
KentuckyNYYYY
Louisiana NYYYY
MaineNYYYY
MarylandYYYYN
MassachusettsNYNNN
MinnesotaNYNNN
MississippiNYYYN
MichiganNYYYY
MissouriNYYNY
MontanaYYYNY
NebraskaNYYYN
NevadaNYYNN
New HampshireNYYNY
New JerseyNYYYN
New MexicoYYYYY
New YorkNYNYN
North CarolinaNYYYY
North DakotaNYYNY
OhioNYYYY
OklahomaNYNYN
OregonNNNY
PennsylvaniaNYYYY
Rhode IslandNYYNY
South CarolinaNYNYN
South DakotaNYNYN
TennesseeNYYNY
TexasNYYYN
UtahNYNYY
VermontNYNNY
VirginiaNYYYY
WashingtonYYYNN
West VirginiaNYYNN
WisconsinNYNYY
WyomingNYYYY

Abbreviations: CAM, complementary and alternative medicine; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; –, refers to nonapplicability of limitations for states that do not cover manipulation.

aLimitations related to manipulation services based on treatment or cotreatment visit limits related to physical therapy, occupational therapy, or acupuncture.

bBehavioral therapy coverage related to DSM definition of mental health diagnoses (does not include pain).

cDenial of treatments based on labeling as a CAM therapy despite supporting evidence.