| PMC full text: | Published online 2014 Nov 18. doi: 10.3390/nu6115184
|
Table 4
n-3 PUFA and breast cancer risk: transgenic rodent models.
| Animal Model | n-3 PUFA Source | Feeding Period | Main Findings | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMTV-HER-2/neu | 22.50 kcal% menhaden oil (15 g/kg EPA, 10.8 g/kg DHA) | 28-week (fed before tumor development) | ↓ atypical ductal hyperplasia ↓ cell proliferation prevented HER-2/neu at early stages | ↓ Ki-67 expression ↓ COX-2 expression | [77] |
| MMTV-HER-2/neu | 22.50 kcal% menhaden oil (15 g/kg EPA, 10.8 g/kg DHA) | 52-week (fed before tumor development) | ↓ tumor incidence and multiplicity ↑ tumor latency ↓ mammary gland dysplasia | NA | [115] |
| MMTV-neu (ndl)-YD5 × fat1 | 3% w/w menhaden oil (0.5 g/kg ALA, 4.1 g/kg EPA, 3 g/kg DHA) | 20-week (lifelong treatment, fed before tumor development) | ↓ tumor volume and multiplicity | ↑ EPA, DHA and overall n-3 in mammary tissues ↓ n-6/n-3 ratio in tumor phospholipids | [116] |
| MMTV-neu (ndl)-YD5 | 3% w/w menhaden oil (0.5 g/kg ALA, 4.1 g/kg EPA, 3 g/kg DHA) 9% w/w menhaden oil (1.3 g/kg ALA, 12.4 g/kg EPA, 9 g/kg DHA) | 20-week (lifelong treatment, fed before tumor development) | ↓ tumor volume and multiplicity ↑ tumor latency (all in a dose-dependent manner) | ↑ EPA, DPA in mammary tissues ↑ EPA, DHA in tumor phospholipids ↓ LA, AA, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in both mammary and tumor tissues in a dose-dependent manner | [21] |
↓: decrease;
NA: not available.