Nature Microbiology 2025 (Jul); 10 (7): 1630–1647

Fig. 5. PFNA levels in the mouse faeces and gastrointestinal tract are microbiota dependent.

A, Experimental setup for comparison of faecal excretion between GF mice and mice colonized with human gut bacteria (Com20) or comparison between mice colonized with high-PFNA bioaccumulating gut bacteria (HC) and mice colonized with low-PFNA bioaccumulating gut bacteria (LC).

B, Mice colonized with a community of 20 human gut bacterial strains (Com20) show higher PFNA excretion after 10 mg kg^−1 body weight PFNA exposure compared with GF controls. Box plot: centre = 50th percentile, bounds of box = 25th and 75th percentiles, lower and upper whiskers = lower and upper hinges ± 1.5 × interquartile range; two-sided t-test; P values are FDR corrected; n = 9 mice per group (Supplementary Table 27).

C, Mice colonized with a community of HC show higher PFNA excretion after 10 mg kg^−1 body weight PFNA exposure compared with mice colonized with LC. Box plot: centre = 50th percentile, bounds of box = 25th and 75th percentiles, lower and upper whiskers = lower and upper hinges ± 1.5 × interquartile range; two-sided t-test; P values are FDR corrected; n = 9 mice per group (Supplementary Table 28). All y-axes are on log₁₀ scale.

In B + C, *P value < 0.05; **P value < 0.01; ***P value < 0.001.