• study includes children age 0 – 18 inclusive; and |
• study investigates manipulation in a therapeutic clinical context; and |
• study was published in a peer reviewed publication, or was reported at Conference Proceedings; or |
• relevant systematic review. |
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Exclusion criteria |
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• descriptive studies (ie surveys) that do not investigate manipulation in a therapeutic clinical context, |
• studies in which a small number of pediatric subjects were a part of a larger adult trial, and the results are not reported separately, |
• abstracts from conference proceedings which were later published in the scholarly literature. |