Is back pain during childhood or adolescence associated with muscle strength, muscle endurance or aerobic capacity: three systematic literature reviews with one meta-analysis

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Published online 2015 Jul 16. doi: 10.1186/s12998-015-0065-8

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Table 4

The association between back muscle strength in extension and back pain in people younger than 19 years as reported in four studies

Ref numb.	Name of first author/year	Design of study	Independent variable	Dependent variables listed in method	Dependent variables reported in result section	Association BMS in extension and back pain
[24]	Balagué 1993	CS	BMS in N	Cumulative life prevalence	History of BP	None
				Point prevalence
				Localization of BP
[25]	Balagué 2010	CS and P	BMS in N	LBP medical attention	History of LBP	None
				LBP consequences
				Last episode
				Parental history of BP
[26]	Merati 2004	CS	BMS in N	Frequency of BP	History of BP	None
[27]	Newcomer 1996	P	BMS in N	LBP-ever	LBP-ever	None
				Age of first episode	Age of first episode
				One-Year prevalence	One-Year prevalence
				LBP consequences	LBP consequences
				LBP-doctor	LBP-doctor

CS: cross-sectionnal study

P: prospective study

BMS: back muscle strength (in extension)

N: Newton

BP: Back pain

LBP: Low back pain