Is back pain during childhood or adolescence associated with muscle strength, muscle endurance or aerobic capacity: three systematic literature reviews with one meta-analysis

doi:10.1186/s12998-015-0065-8

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Chiropr Man Therap. 2015; 23: 21.

Published online 2015 Jul 16. doi: 10.1186/s12998-015-0065-8

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Table 5

The association between back muscle endurance in extension and back pain in people younger than 19 years as reported in four studies

Ref numb.	Name of first author/aawyear	Design of study	Independent variable	Dependent variables listed in method	Dependent variables reported in result section	Association Trunk Muscle Endurance in extension and BP
[28]	Andersen 2006	CS	Time, obtained by Sorensen-Biering’s test	LBP/MBP/NP < 1 month Age at 1^st BP Consequences	BP last month	YES, isometric endurance in the trunk muscle was negatively associated with back pain after adjusting for height and sex
						Odds ratio: Three upper quartiles Vs lowest quartile
						OR = 0.89 (95 % CI, 0.78-1.02)
						OR = 0.78 (95 % CI, 0.68-0.89)
						OR = 0.71 (95 % CI, 0.62-0.82)
[29]	Bernard	RS	Time, obtained by Sorensen-Biering’s test	CLBP Subgroup within control group with LBP	CLBP	YES, the endurance in back extensors were less in the CLBP group
[29]	Bernard	RS	Time, obtained by Sorensen-Biering’s test	CLBP Subgroup within control group with LBP	CLBP	Sorensen Median(min:max) (25 s:3 min43)	Control group 2 min31 (32 s:10 min2)	CLBP 1 min45
[30]	Perry 2009	CS	Time, obtained by Sorensen-Biering’s test	BP pain (without NP) Ever Month Chronic Diagnosed	BP pain Ever Month Chronic Diagnosed	NO for male Yes, for girls. Increased likehood of diagnosed back pain was associated with reduced back endurance (OR = 2.05; 95 % CI, 1.16-3.60) and greater back endurance (OR = 2.00; 95 % CI, 1.10-3.60)
[31]	Johnson 2009	CS	Time, obtained by Sorensen-Biering’s test of static muscular endurance	1-year BP Present BP	1-year BP Present BP	YES Patient without LBP had a significant higher isometric holding time than those with history of previous LBP and those with present LBP.

CS: cross-sectionnal study

RS: retroprospective study

BMS: back muscle strength (in extension)

BP: Back pain

LBP: Low back pain

CLBP: Chronic low back pain