Original research: What are important consequences in children with non-specific spinal pain? A qualitative study of Danish children aged 9–12 years

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037315

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BMJ Open. 2020; 10(10): e037315.

Published online 2020 Oct 20. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037315

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Table 4

Comparison of ICF categories found in children aged 9–12 years to what is covered in commonly used adult low back and neck pain questionnaires

ICF		Low back pain questionnaires		Neck pain questionnaires
Category	Description	ODI^{^{40 41}}	RMDQ^⁴⁰	NDI^{^{39 42}}	NBQ^{^{39 42}}	NPDS^{^{39 42}}

Body functions

b134	Sleep function	+	+	+		+
b152	Emotional function	+	+		+	+
b280	Sensation of pain	+	+	+	+	+
b7	Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions					(+)
b780	Sensations related to muscles and movement functions

Activities and participation

d350	Conversation
d430	Lifting and carrying objects	+	+	+	+
d710	Basic interpersonal interactions
d750	Informal social relationships	+				+
d4150	Maintaining a lying position	+
d4153	Maintaining a sitting position	+	+
d4154	Maintaining a standing position	+	+
d4155	Maintaining head position
d7500	Informal relationships with friends
d7504	Informal relationships with peers
d7601	Child-parent relationships
d9200	Play			(+)	(+)	(+)
d9201	Sports	+		(+)	(+)	(+)
d9205	Socialising	+			(+)	+

Environmental factors

e580	Health services, systems and policies

Other*

pf	Improving factors
pf	Worsening factors
pf	Strategies to avoid pain
nc	Cause of pain known/unknown

As Wang et al⁴⁰ and Wiitavaara⁴² both include the ODI, the ICF classifications have been combined to include all ICF categories used.

(+) = covered with an ICF category either at a higher or lower level.

*Category wordings of pf and nc are the codes from this study.

ICF = international classification of function, disability and health;
NBQ = neck bournemouth questionnaire;
nc = not classifiable;
NDI = neck disability index;
NPDS = neck pain and disability scale;
ODI = oswestry disability index;
pf = personal factor;
RMDQ = roland-morris disability questionnaire.