| PMC full text: | Published online 2011 Dec 6. doi: 10.1016/j.echu.2011.07.001
|
Table 1
Characteristics and results of included studies
| Author | Study type | Study population | Interventions | Outcomes | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moller et al4 | Survey | Danish DCs | Maint care for the LBP patient | Types of maintenance care | Similar strategies to DCs in different countries |
| Jamison9 | Survey | American & Australian DCs | Maint care | Definitions of maintenance care | Purpose, components, conditions, and perceptions defined |
| Rupert10 | Survey | American DCs | Maint care | Attitudes & practice patterns | Purpose, components, conditions, perceptions, income are defined |
| Rupert et al11 | Survey | American chiropractic patients >65 y old | Maint care | 5-y history of maint care | Types of care are defined |
| Axen et al37 | Survey | Swedish DCs | Maint care for LBP patient | Consensus of clinical reasoning | Maint care is provided to prevent relapses. Past freq of episodes is important in making recommendations. 50% improvement needed to recommend tertiary maint care. |
| Hansen et al14 | Survey | Danish DCs | Maint care for LBP patient | Indications of maint care | Hx of LBP with a prior response to care is indication for maint care |
| Sandnes et al15 | Clinical observations | 868 patients from 15 Danish and 13 Norwegian chiropractors | Chiropractic care | Frequency of maint care | 2-wk to 3-mo intervals |
| Senna and Machaly17 | Single blinded placebo controlled | Chronic nonspecific LBP patient | Spinal manipulation | Pain, disability, patient satisfaction, health status | Improved pain & disability with MMT |
| Hawk et al18 | Randomized pilot | Patients >65 y old | Spinal and extravertebral manipulation | Balance, chronic pain, dizziness | Improved dizziness, pain & disability with extended care |
| Burton and Tillotson19 | Observational | LBP patients <40 y old | Measurement of sagittal lumbar mobility | Prevalence | Reduced mobility in middle-aged patients with sciatica |
| Burton et al20 | Observational | 958 LBP patients | Measurement of sagittal lumbar mobility | Prevalence | Mobility changes in current and past LBP patients |
| Cramer et al21 (1) | Laboratory | 87 Rats | Spinal fixation | Degeneration | Time-dependent degenerative changes |
| Cramer et al22 (2) | RCT | 64 Healthy students | Side posture manipulation | Spinal joint response | Gapping of the Z-joint |
| Cramer et al23 (3) | Laboratory | 23 Rats | Spinal fixation | Joint adhesions | Time of onset of joint adhesions |
| Cramer et al24 (4) | RCT | 16 Healthy students | Side posture manipulation | MRI measurement of joint gapping | Gapping of the Z-joint found with manipulat |
| He and Dishman26 | Laboratory | 32 Guinea pigs | Knee fixation | Electron microscopy | Spinal motor neuronal degeneration |
| Kader et al27 | Retrospective | 78 Low back & leg pain pts | MRI | Multifidus atrophy | + Correlation of atrophy with low back and leg pain |
| Fahim28 | Laboratory | Rats | Immobilization of ankle & knees to fixate soleus | Light microscope | Degeneration of nerve terminals and reversal with remobilization |
| Lundbye-Jensen and Nielsen29 (1) | Observational | 12 Healthy humans | Immobilization of foot & ankle | H-reflex & muscle torque | Disuse caused plastic changes in interneuronal circuitry with reversal noted with remobilization |
| Lundbye-Jensen and Nielsen30 (2) | Observational | 10 Healthy humans | 1-wk immobilization of wrist & hand | H-reflex & muscle torque | Spinal and central neuroplastic changes |
| Brenner et al32 | Case report | 1 Low back and thigh pain pt | Spinal manipulation and diagnostic ultrasound imaging | Multifidus activation with lift task | Increased muscle activation post-SMT and 1-d post-tx |
| Pickar33 | Literature review | N/A | Spinal manipulation | Neurophysiological effects of SMT | SMT impacts primary afferent neurons, the motor system, & pain. |
| Descarreaux et al36 | RCT | 30 Nonspecific LBP patients | Spinal manipulation | Pain & disability | MMT may be beneficial to maintain post acute treatment pain, disability levels |