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Table 1

Return to:   Neurobiology of Placebo Effects: Expectations or Learning?

Effects of Expectation (Expect.) − Effectiveness (Effect.) comparisons on MPQ and VAS score changes after placebo administration

High Expect/ Low Effect (1)Low Expect/ Low Effect (2)High Expect/High Effect(3)Low Expect/High Effect(4)
mean (s.d)mean (s.d)mean (s.d)mean (s.d)FSig.Post hocaMean diff. (s.e.)Sig.
Number of subject719139
Expectations75.7 ± 1424.2 ± 14.276.15 ± 13.143 ± 11.348.6<0.0014 > 1−30.2 ± 6.7<0.001
4 > 220.2 ± 5.40.003
4 > 3−31.7 ± 5.8<0.001
3 > 251.9 ± 4.8<0.001
2 > 1−51.5 ± 5.9<0.001
Subjective effectiveness18.5 ± 12.519.15 ± 14.5775 ± 14.971.1 ± 11.461.4 <0.0014 > 152.5 ± 6.9<0.001
4 > 251.9 ± 6
3 > 156.4 ± 6.5
3 > 255.8 ± 5
Δ MPQ after placebo−5.5 ± 10 −0.4 ± 5.63.3 ± 810 ± 7.46.70.0014 > 115.5 ± 3.70.001
4 > 210.3 ± 30.007
Δ VAS after placebo (0–20 min)−9 ± 140 ± 9.611 ± 1122 ± 1014.3<0.0014 > 131 ± 5<0.001
4 > 222 ± 4.4<0.001
3 > 121.1 ± 5.10.001
3 > 211.7 ± 40.028
aBonferroni correction.