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Published online 2017 Aug 29. doi:  10.1038/s41598-017-09429-1

Figure 1

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Study 1a results.
(a) Picture of the indentor and participant set-up
(b). Scatterplots depicting the correlation between feelings of stiffness and objective measures of stiffness in people with chronic back pain and stiffness
(c). Mean and standard error for objective spinal stiffness measures at 60 N in healthy control participants and participants with chronic back pain and stiffness.

Abbreviations:
AvgStiff = Average stiffness;
TermStiff = Terminal stiffness.