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Published online 2017 Aug 29. doi:  10.1038/s41598-017-09429-1

Figure 2

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Study 1b results comparing healthy controls and people with chronic LBP and stiffness

(a). Mean and standard error for force estimation error at 60 N for the first and last indentation
(differed significantly between groups for both the first and last indentation at 60 N)

(b). Mean and standard error for force discrimination threshold (differed significantly between groups).

Abbreviations:
LBP = low back pain;
HC = healthy controls; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001.