Feeling stiffness in the back: a protective perceptual inference in chronic back pain

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09429-1

PMC full text:

Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 9681.

Published online 2017 Aug 29. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09429-1

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Figure 3

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Study 2 results
(a). Mean and standard error for force estimation error during the control, no-sound, and creaky sound conditions, compared between groups. A significant indent number x condition interaction occurred: significant differences were found between force estimation errors for Indent 1 between the creaky sound and control sound conditions and between the control sound and no-sound conditions; estimation errors did not differ between conditions for the other indentations, nor did they differ between groups.

(b) Mean and standard error for force estimation error during the creaky sound and creaky decrease sound conditions, compared between groups. A significant indent number x condition interaction occurred: significant differences were found between force estimation errors for Indent 3 between the creaky sound and the creaky decrease conditions in posthoc analyses; estimation errors did not differ between conditions for the other indentations, nor did they differ between groups.

Abbreviations:
LBP = low back pain participants;
HC = healthy controls; *p < 0.05.