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PMC full text:

Table 3

Logistic Regressions

Psychological/behavioral therapy useExercise/movement therapy useManual therapy use
VariableOR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
Age1.00 (0.98, 1.03)1.01 (0.99, 1.03)0.98 (0.96, 1.00)
Race (ref: non-White)0.59 (0.32, 1.07)1.30 (0.80, 2.09)0.57 (0.35, 0.94)
Sex (ref: female)1.12 (0.68, 1.88)0.63 (0.43, 0.93)0.93 (0.63, 1.37)
Education (ref: <BA/BS)2.51 (1.46, 4.30)1.34 (0.91, 2.00)2.11 (1.42, 3.15)
Pain severity1.03 (0.88, 1.20)1.13 (1.00, 1.28)0.99 (0.88, 1.12)
Mental health symptoms2.88 (2.11, 3.93)0.98 (0.77, 1.99)0.92 (0.72, 1.16)
Opioid use (ref: none)1.41 (0.77, 2.61)1.19 (0.72, 1.99)1.16 (0.70, 1.92)
Non-opioid pain med use (ref: none)1.34 (0.71, 2.55)1.82 (1.16, 2.84)1.71 (1.09, 2.68)