Estimating the Risk of Chronic Pain: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model (PICKUP) for Patients with Acute Low Back Pain

PMC full text:

Published online 2016 May 17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002019

Copyright/License ►Request permission to reuse: Copyright © 2016 Traeger et al
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Table 1

Key differences in the development and external validation studies.

Characteristic	Development Sample	External Validation Sample
Design	Cohort study	Randomized trial
Recruitment period	2003–2005	2009–2013
Number of participants by recruitment setting
Physiotherapy	77	4
General practice	73	181
Pharmacy	0	50
Chiropractic	20	0
Location	Sydney metropolitan area	Greater Sydney area
Inclusion/exclusion criteria
Radiculopathy	Excluded	Included
Moderate intensity pain	Not considered	Included
Use of regular analgesics	Included	Excluded
Treatment	Advice plus usual care	Advice plus paracetamol or placebo