Tissue loading created during spinal manipulation in comparison to loading created by passive spinal movements

doi:10.1038/srep38107

PMC full text:

Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 38107.

Published online 2016 Dec 1. doi: 10.1038/srep38107

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Figure 7

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Average peak force and mean force experienced by the intact specimen during the application of SMT and passive lumbar movements of flexion, extension and left axial rotation.

Data points circled in red indicate where SMT forces were significantly greater compared to all passive movements.