Tissue loading created during spinal manipulation in comparison to loading created by passive spinal movements

doi:10.1038/srep38107

PMC full text:

Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 38107.

Published online 2016 Dec 1. doi: 10.1038/srep38107

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Table 2

Average and 95% confidence intervals of peak and mean forces experienced by the intact spinal segment during SMT application and passive physiological movements of flexion, extension and left axial rotation.

Motion	Forces
	Peak			Mean
	X	Y	Z	X	Y	Z
	(lateral)	(ant post)	(sup inf)	(lateral)	(ant post)	(sup inf)
SMT	−14.92 N; 95% CI:[−5.06, −24.78]	−22.23 N; ^{*,^,#} 95% CI:[−29.45, −15.02]	13.84 N; 95% CI:[22.85, 4.84]	4.32 N; 95% CI:[−4.08, 12.73]	−4.06 N; 95% CI:[−6.95, −1.17]	10.01 N; ^{^} 95% CI:[3.17, 16.85]
Axial Rotation	−10.16 N; 95% CI:[−4.05, −16.26]	7.03 N; 95% CI:[3.40, 10.67]	1.13 N; 95% CI:[15.87, −13.59]	2.12 N; 95% CI:[−3.46, 7.71]	1.17 N; 95% CI:[−0.66, 3.00]	7.08 N; 95% CI:[−1.24, 15.39]
Extension	−10.29 N; 95% CI:[1.34, −21.93]	3.90 N; 95% CI:[1.82, 5.99]	20.42 N; 95% CI:[32.10, 8.74]	1.73 N; 95% CI:[−4.24, 7.70]	−0.52 N; 95% CI:[−2.12, 1.07]	−6.28 N; 95% CI:[−2.12, 1.07]
Flexion	−6.53 N; 95% CI:[0.75, −13.81]	−6.33 N; 95% CI:[−9.52, −3.14]	−13.19 N; 95% CI:[22.85, 3.53]	4.07 N; 95% CI:[−1.58, 9.73]	−3.47 N; 95% CI:[−5.75, −1.19]	2.73 N; 95% CI:[−5.42, 10.89]

SMT = spinal manipulative therapy; ant post = anterioposterior; sup inf = superioinferior; flx ext = flexion extension; lat bend = lateral bending; ax rot = axial rotation.

^*Significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with axial rotation.

^{^}Significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with extension.

^#Significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with flexion.