Clinical examination findings as prognostic factors in low back pain: a systematic review of the literature

doi:10.1186/s12998-015-0054-y

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Chiropr Man Therap. 2015; 23: 13.

Published online 2015 Mar 23. doi: 10.1186/s12998-015-0054-y

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Table 2

Results of methodological assessment of the 49 included studies

Author and year of publication	Study participation	Study attrition	Prognostic factor measurement	Outcome measurement	Analysis/reporting of results	Risk of bias assessment
Albert et al. (2012) [25]	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Amundsen et al. (2000) [26]	Unsure	Partly	Unsure	No	No	High
Bendix et al. (1998) [27]	Yes	Partly	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Bergquist-Ullman et al. (1977) [28]	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Burton et al. (1991) [29]	Yes	Partly	No	No	Partly	High
Burton et al. (1995) [30]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Campello et al. (2006) [31]	No	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Christiansen et al. (2010) [32]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Coste et al. (1994) [33]	Yes	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Partly	High
Dwornik et al. (2007) [34]	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Partly	No	High
Enthoven et al. (2003) [35]	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Ferreira et al. (2009) [36]	Partly	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Flynn et al. (2002) [37]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	Low
Fritz et al. (2004) [40]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	Low
Fritz et al. (2007) [38]	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Fritz et al. (2005) [39]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Gaines et al. (1999) [41]	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Yes	Moderate
Ghahreman et al. (2011) [42]	Yes	Unsure	Unsure	Yes	Partly	High
Grotle et al. (2005) [44]	Unsure	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Grotle et al. (2007) [43]	Unsure	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Gurcay et al. (2009) [45]	Partly	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Hicks et al. (2005) [46]	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Hildebrandt et al. (1997) [47]	Partly	Yes	Unsure	Partly	Partly	High
Hurri et al. (1989) [48]	No	Partly	Unsure	Yes	Yes	High
Indahl et al. (1998) [49]	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Unsure	Partly	High
Infante-Rivard et al. (1996) [50]	Yes	Partly	No	Unsure	Yes	High
Jamison et al. (1991) [51]	Unsure	No	Unsure	Yes	No	High
Karas et al. (1997) [52]	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Kool et al. (2002) [53]	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	Moderate
Leboeuf-Yde et al. (2004) [54]	Yes	Partly	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Low
Long et al. (1995) [55]	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Partly	High
Lonnberg (2010) [56]	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Yes	Yes	High*
Luoto et al. (1998) [57]	Unsure	Yes	No	No	No	High
McIntosh et al. (2000) [58]	Unsure	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Milhous et al. (1989) [60]	No	Partly	No	Partly	No	High
Michaelson et al. (2004) [59]	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Low
Pedersen (1980) [61]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unsure	No	High
Polatin et al. (1989) [62]	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Yes	Partly	High
Roland (1983) [63]	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Unsure	No	High
Sandström et al. (1986) [64]	Yes	Yes	Partly	Yes	No	High
Schiøtt-Christensen et a (1999) [65]	Yes	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Low Medium*
Seferlis et al. (2000) [66]	Unsure	Partly	Partly	Partly	Yes	High
Skytte et al. (2005) [67]	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Partly	Moderate
Sweetman et al. (1996) [68]	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	No	High
Valls et al. (2001) [29]	Yes	Unsure	Unsure	Partly	Yes	Moderate
Van den Hoogen et al. (1997) [70]	Yes	Partly	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Vendrig et al. (1999) [71]	Yes	Partly	Unsure	Yes	No	High
Vroomen et al. (2002) [72]	Unsure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low
Werneke et al. (1993) [73]	Yes	Unsure	Yes	Partly	Partly	High

*for our purpose,
**for 1 + 6 months follow-up,
***for 1 year follow-up.