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Table 1

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics

Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapySham manipulation (placebo)Control group
Number of participants444
 Males112
 Females332
Age ± SD (range)36.0 ± 12.8 (26–54)49.8 ± 12.3 (32–58)48.0 ± 9.8 (39–61)
Duration (years with headache ± SD)7.3 ± 3.38.5 ± 1.313.8 ± 10.4
Headache frequency (mean 30 days/month)20.5 ± 9.925.5 ± 5.219.3 ± 7.9
Headache duration (mean hours/day)19.5 ± 3.819.5 ± 7.719.3 ± 5.1
Headache intensity (mean 0–10 VAS)6.0 ± 2.36.0 ± 0.77.0 ± 2.0
Co-morbid migraine0/42/40/4
Primary end-point (1 month baseline)
 Headache frequency (mean 30 days/month)20.0 ± 12.022.8 ± 12.319.0 ± 8.4
Secondary end-points (1 month baseline)
 Headache duration (mean hours/day)9.6 ± 5.210.9 ± 3.39.9 ± 6.9
 Headache intensity (mean 0–10 VAS)6.6 ± 2.54.3 ± 1.76.3 ± 1.6
 Headache index (HI)
(mean frequency × duration × intensity)
956
95% CI 438 to 1475
1141
95% CI 283 to 1999
1635
95% CI −37 to 3307