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Table 2

>BIG> Mean changes for each participant from baseline to post-treatment and 3, 6 and 12-months follow-up

Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT)Sham manipulation (placebo)Control group
BaselineIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXII
 Headache frequency30143063012193013122130
 Headache duration15.44.65.712.513.36.410.613.37.31.415.115.8
 Headache intensity3.79.45.57.65.93.75.42.14.45.67.27.9
 Headache index1709605941570235428410888384189422833745
Post-treatment
 Headache frequency30 (0.0)11 (21.4)12 (60.0)3 (100.0)30 (0.0)6 (50.0)22 (15.8)0 (100.0)13 (0.0)14 (16.7)20 (4.8)29 (3.3)
 Headache duration7.0 (54.5)10.2 (121.7)2.7 (52.6)7.8 (37.6)14.6 (9.8)4.2 (34.4)10.6 (0.0)0 (100.0)4.1 (43.8)1.0 (28.6)13.3 (11.9)15.4 (2.5)
 Headache intensity1.2 (67.6)9.6 (2.1)2.2 (60.0)4.2 (44.7)6.1 (3.4)4.8 (29.7)6.7 (24.1)0 (100.0)5.1 (15.9)4.1 (26.8)5.9 (18.1)8.6 (8.9)
 Headache index252 (85.3)1077 (78.0)71 (92.5)98 (82.8)2672 (13.3)121 (57.4)1562 (43.6)0 (100.0)272 (34.9)57 (39.4)1569 (31.3)3841 (2.6)
3-months follow-up
 Headache frequency30 (0.0)5 (64.3)8 (73.3)11 (83.3)30 (0.0)7 (41.7)20 (5.3)6 (80.0)17 (30.8)2 (83.3)25 (19.0)30 (0.0)
 Headache duration11.0 (28.6)6.2 (34.8)1.9 (66.7)12.6 (0.8)12.9 (3.0)6.8 (6.2)13.1 (23.6)4.2 (68.4)6.1 (16.4)5.3 (278.6)15.1 (0.0)15.0 (5.1)
 Headache intensity2.3 (37.8)7.5 (20.2)1.9 (65.4)6.8 (10.5)4.9 (16.9)5.4 (45.9)8.1 (50.0)1.0 (52.4)4.8 (9.1)1.0 (82.1)6.8 (5.6)8.1 (2.5)
 Headache index759 (55.6)233 (61.5)29 (96.9)942 (65.3)1896 (19.5)257 (9.5)2122 (95.0)25 (97.0)498 (19.1)11 (88.3)2567 (12.4)3645 (2.7)
6-months follow-up
 Headache frequency30 (0.0)5 (64.3)9 (70.0)13 (116.7)30 (0.0)6 (50.0)17 (10.5)8 (73.3)13 (0.0)14 (16.7)26 (23.8)30 (0.0)
 Headache duration11.0 (28.6)5.4 (17.4)2.3 (59.6)12.8 (2.4)9.4 (29.3)11.2 (75.0)10.8 (1.9)13.9 (4.5)3.9 (46.6)1.0 (28.6)15.8 (4.6)15.0 (5.1)
 Headache intensity1.7 (54.1)8.8 (6.4)1.4 (74.5)7.2 (5.3)3.2 (45.8)6.3 (70.3)6.9 (27.8)0.9 (57.1)4.7 (6.8)4.1 (26.8)6.9 (4.2)8.5 (7.6)
 Headache index561 (67.2)238 (60.7)29 (96.9)1198 (110.2)902 (61.7)423 (48.9)1267 (16.5)100 (88.1)238 (43.1)57 (39.4)2835 (24.2)3825 (2.1)
12-months follow-up
 Headache frequency30 (0.0)4 (71.4)4 (86.7)8 (33.3)30 (0.0)2 (83.3)19 (0.0)8 (73.3)15 (15.4)20 (66.7)28 (33.3)30 (0.0)
 Headache duration12.1 (21.4)5.6 (21.7)2.5 (56.1)12.5 (0.0)13.9 (4.5)7.5 (17.2)8.7 (17.9)8.6 (35.3)10.7 (46.6)1.3 (7.1)15.7 (4.0)15.0 (5.1)
 Headache intensity1.5 (59.5)9.4 (0.0)9.4 (70.9)7.9 (3.9)4.6 (22.0)4.9 (32.4)6.3 (16.7)1.1 (47.6)6.0 (36.4)4.6 (17.9)5.6 (22.2)8.1 (2.5)
 Headache index545 (68.1)211 (65.1)15 (98.4)790 (38.6)1918 (18.5)74 (73.9)1041 (4.3)76 (90.9)963 (130.4)120 (27.7)2462 (7.8)3645 (2.7)