Table 1.
Community Sample and Randomized Clinical Trial Sample Characteristics
| Community sample | Clinical trials | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All (n = 163) | Retest subsample (n = 71) | BTH (n = 72) | MAP (n = 72) | POYSE (n = 100) |
| Age | |||||
| 20–30 years, % (n) | 27.0 (44) | 22.5 (16) | 15.5 (11) | 13.9 (10) | 2.0 (2) |
| 31–40 years, % (n) | 20.9 (34) | 21.1 (15) | 21.1 (15) | 9.7 (7) | 7.0 (7) |
| 41–50 years, % (n) | 20.2 (33) | 25.4 (18) | 25.4 (18) | 18.1 (13) | 18.0 (18) |
| 51–60 years, % (n) | 22.7 (37) | 22.5 (16) | 33.8 (24) | 29.2 (21) | 34.0 (34) |
| 61–70 years, % (n) | 9.2 (15) | 8.5 (6) | 4.2 (3) | 29.2 (21) | 33.0 (33) |
| ≥71 years, % (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.0 (6) |
| Female, % (n) | 57.7 (94) | 52.1 (37) | 62.5 (45) | 62.5 (45) | 31.0 (31) |
| Race | |||||
| Asian/Pacific islander, % (n) | 1.9 (3) | 1.4 (1) | 4.2 (3) | 4.2 (3) | 0 |
| Black, % (n) | 9.9 (16) | 16.9 (12) | 55.6 (40) | 1.4 (1) | 35.7 (35) |
| More than one, % (n) | 6.8 (11) | 7.0 (5) | 6.9 (5) | 0 | 7.1 (7) |
| Other, % (n) | 2.5 (4) | 4.2 (3) | 9.7 (7) | 1.4 (1) | 3.1 (3) |
| White, % (n) | 78.9 (127) | 70.4 (50) | 23.6 (17) | 93.0 (66) | 54.1 (53) |
| Hispanic, % (n) | 9.3 (15) | 7.0 (5) | 12.5 (9) | 2.8 (2) | 4.2 (4) |
| PHQ-2 (0–6), M (SD) | 2.85 (2.14) | 2.53 (2.02) | |||
| Average pain intensity past week (0–10 scale), M (SD) | 6.72 (1.75) | 6.68 (1.73) | 4.9 (2.3) | 5.8 (1.4) | 6.4 (1.9) |
| Days with back pain, last 3 months, M (SD) | 75.05 (16.76) | 74.18 (16.1) | |||
| Receiving disability compensation for pain, % (n) | 8.8 (14) | 11.6 (8) | |||
| RMDQ, M (SD) | 16.47 (5.58) | 17.21 (5.36) | 15.3 (5.3) | 11.1 (4.8) | |
| FIQR, M (SD) | 56.5 (16.6) | ||||
| Ever had a back injection, % (n) | 30.1 (49) | 32.4 (23) | |||
| Ever had back surgery, % (n) | 12.9 (21) | 8.5 (6) | |||
| Pain below the knee in last month, % (n) | 44.8 (73) | 40.8 (29) | |||
| Use of prescription medicine for back pain in last week, % (n) | 74.8 (122) | 80.3 (57) | |||
| Treatment initiating | |||||
| Acupuncture, % (n) | 35.6 (58) | 42.3 (30) | |||
| Chiropractic, % (n) | 24.5 (40) | 19.7 (14) | |||
| Massage, % (n) | 20.2 (33) | 18.3 (13) | |||
| Yoga, % (n) | 19.6 (32) | 19.7 (14) | 50.0 (36) | 0 | 48.0 (48) |
| MBSR, % (n) | 0 | 61.1 (44) | 0 | ||
| CBT, % (n) | 0 | 38.9 (28) | 0 | ||
| PT, % (n) | 50.0 (36) | 0 | 0 | ||
| SEP, % (n) | 0 | 0 | 52.0 (52) | ||
| Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (7) | |||||
| Credibility subscale (range 3–27), M (SD) | 19.52 (5.13) | 19.27 (5.57) | |||
| Expectancy subscale (range 3–27), M (SD) | 11.13 (4.27) | 10.65 (4.37) | |||
| Total score (range 6–54), M (SD) | 30.64 (8.78) | 29.92 (9.29) | |||
| Acupuncture Expectancy Scale (range 4–20, (8)), M (SD) | 12.53 (4.15) | 12.13 (4.05) | |||
| Helpfulness of treatment (range 0–10), M (SD) | 6.72 (2.45) | 6.56 (2.63) | |||