Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 941) and Non-responders at 12-week follow-up (n = 372)
Study sample Non-responders Number participants, n 941 372 Sociodemographic and physical leisure activity Gender, females (%) 693 (74) 274 (74) Age, mean years (SD), Range (18–85) 45 (13) 41 (13) Education level, n (%) High 535 (57) 172 (46) Medium 357 (38) 177 (48) Low 48 (5) 20 (5) Physical activity, ≥ 1 per week (%) 652 (69) 256 (69) Employment status, employed (%) 761 (81) 301 (81) Clinician-reported Consultation-type, n (%) First-time consultation 145 (16) 76 (21) Follow-up consultation 271 (30) 111 (31) Maintenance consultation 498 (54) 171 (48) Neck pain symptoms and history Radiating pain to shoulder and/or elbow, yes (%) 707 (75) 279 (75) Patient Previous pattern, n (%) Single episode 88 (9) 33 (9) Episodic pain 307 (33) 105 (28) Mild pain/ recovering 87 (9) 36 (10) Fluctuating pain 404 (43) 161 (43) Moderate/severe pain 23 (2) 15 (4) Neither/ Unsure 24 (2.5) 14 (4) Pain intensity, (0–10), mean (SD) 4.7 (2.2) 4.9 (2.3) Previous episodes, n (%) No, first 125 (13) 61 (16) Yes, 1–3 times previously 147 (16) 73 (20) Yes, > 3 times previously 241 (26) 87 (23) Yes, More or less chronic 425 (45) 151 (41) Duration current episode, n (%) < 1 month 206 (22) 92 (25) 1–3 months 133 (14) 57 (15) > 3 months 591 (63) 216 (58) NDI, (0–50) mean (SD) 11.5 (6.6) 12.1 (6.8) General health/Comorbidity Number of MSK pain-site, (0–10), mean (SD) 4.6 (2.2) 4.6 (2.2) EQ-5D-index, (0–1), mean (SD) 0.85 (0.13) 0.85 (0.12) Psychosocial Patient Expected pattern, n (%) Single episode 191 (20) 68 (18) Episodic pain 331 (35) 119 (32) Mild pain/ recovering 108 (11) 45 (12) Fluctuating pain 191 (20) 88 (24) Moderate/severe pain 5 (0.5) 6 (2) Neither/ Unsure 114 (12) 45 (12) Expectations, mean (SD) 5.9 (3.1) 5.6 (3.1) HSCL, (0–4), mean (SD) 1.6 (0.5) 1.7 (0.5) Örebro screening questionnaire, (0–100), mean (SD) 39.5 (15.4) 40.9 (16.2) Pain intensity from NRS: the 11-point numerical rating scale [32], psychosocial risk factors: Örebro Screening Questionnair [54, 55], HSCL-10, Hopkins Symptom Checklist measuring emotional stress [56], NDI, Neck Disability Index measuring disability [33], EQ-5D-index measuring HRQoL [37], SD, Standard deviation