|
Neuropathic pain |
•History of lesion or disease of nervous system•Comorbidities relating to neuropathic pain•Pain neuroanatomically distributed•Sensory dysfunction neuroanatomically distributed•Burning, shooting, or pricking pain description |
Expert consensus-based IASP criteria
[12, 21]
|
| Radicular pain |
•Lancinating•Travels along narrow region•Pain beyond the spine•May be episodic, recurrent, or paroxysmal |
Expert consensus criteria
[44]
|
| Radiculopathy |
•Objective findings of nerve root conduction loss in the distribution of a spinal nerve
(eg, reduced deep tendon reflex, reduced motor strength, and/or reduced sensation
corresponding to a nerve root)
|
Expert consensus criteria
[44]
|
| Neurogenic claudication |
•Symptoms triggered with standing•Symptoms relieved when sitting•Symptoms primarily located above knees•Positive shopping cart sign |
Diagnostic study using expert diagnosis, imaging, and vascular testing
[45]
|
| Piriformis syndrome |
•Radiating pain into an ipsilateral leg•Tenderness of the greater sciatic notch•Buttock pain•Positive SLR test•Increased pain with prolonged sitting |
Most common characteristics described in the clinical literature
[16]
|
| Thoracolumbar (Maigne’s) syndrome |
•Pain in cluneal nerve distribution (iliac crest, groin, or greater trochanter)•Trigger point over iliac crest approximately 7 cm from midline•Sensitivity to iliac crest skin rolling•Tenderness of 1 or more thoracolumbar spinous processes or facet joints |
Expert description of condition
[46, 47]
|
| Central sensitization |
•Low back pain disproportionate to nature or extent of injury/pathology (ie, there
is insufficient evidence for tissue injury, pathology, or other dysfunction to explain
self-reported symptoms)•Neuroanatomically illogical pattern (eg, pain varying in location, abnormally large
painful area, completely symmetrical pain pattern)•Hypersensitivity of senses unrelated to musculoskeletal system (eg, heat, cold, or
pressure hypersensitivity; generalized sensitivity remote from low back area; hypersensitivity
to light, sound, stress, food, chemical stimuli)
|
Expert consensus criteria
[12]
|