| Steele et al45 | Yes | 2010 | Protocol | An osteopathic manipulative medicine protocol can be administered to pediatrics with no serious adverse events. | Final outcomes from this trial should be out in late 2010. |
| Alcantara et al46 | Yes | 2010 | Cross-sectional survey | 15.6% responding DCs stated that ear, nose, and throat (ie, OM) conditions motivated a child's presentation to their office. | A total of 548/1550 members of the International Chiropractic Pediatric Association completed the survey. |
| Pohlman et al47 | Yes | 2010 | Cross-sectional survey | Ear infections were reported with an average treatment frequency of 1 to 3 visits per month. | 135/218 doctors of chiropractic with a diplomate in pediatrics completed this survey. |
| Hewitt et al48 | Yes | 2008 | Commentary | A short course of chiropractic care may have a good effect to chronic OM. | This article included a description of CAM therapies that could be used in conjunction with SMT, a possible SMT mechanism of action, and a typical course of SMT care for OM. |
| Galgano49 | Yes | 2007 | Letter to the editor | No conclusion. | Critique of “Reducing recurrent otitis media with OMT” by Degenhardt et al |
| Orenstein50 | Yes | 2007 | Letter to the editor | OMT's impact on recurrent AOM needs an appropriately structured clinical trial; not enough information at this time to conclude. | Critique of “Reducing recurrent otitis media with OMT” by Degenhardt et al |
| Fallon51 | Yes | 2004 | Commentary | Removal of a subluxation, regardless of technique, could have impact on OM; a child with this condition should have his or her upper cervical area examined carefully. | The audio tract lectured about the guidelines for OM, recent research of SMT on OM, the pathophysiology of OM, examination procedures, physiology of the subluxation components, and appropriate adjustments. |
| Killinger52 | Yes | 2004 | Commentary | Fallon demonstrated a compelling argument for SMT on OM, but further investigation on this topic is necessary. | Critique of “The role of chiropractic adjustment in the care and treatment of 332 children with OM” by Fallon. |
| Pichichero53 | Yes | 2003 | Letter to the editor | Conclusions of the OMT for OM could not be drawn from the critiqued article. | Critique of “The use of osteopathic manipulative treatment as adjuvant therapy in children with recurrent acute otitis media” by Mills et al |
| No named author54 | Yes | 2002 | Commentary | Did not state any conclusion. | Discussed the etiology for OM and standard treatment options. The article then discussed Fallon's case series and had some material and quotes from Fallon. |
| Warner55 | Yes | 2000 | Commentary | SMT may reduce tight neck muscles, which could improve fluid drainage. | Gave quotes regarding research findings on antibiotics for OM and suggested that DCs communicate these with their patients. |
| Lamm and Ginter56 | Yes | 1998 | Commentary | There are a number of interventions, including SMT, within the chiropractic scope of care, which can be done, with close monitoring, during an acute episode. | This article discussed epidemiology of OM, evaluation strategies, and possible management options. It also discussed a formal process that the Western States Chiropractic College clinical standards, protocols, and education committee used to gather and appraise available literature on this subject. |
| Bowers57 | Yes | 1997 | Commentary | Stated that there are no current recommendations for SMT use on OM. | This article reviewed pediatric conditions and current practice guidelines. |
| DiGiorgi58 | Yes | 1997 | Commentary | Cotreatment of pediatric OM between a pediatrician and a chiropractor is a valid option. | Described the different types of OM, anatomy of the ear, standards of care for OM, and how chiropractic care may affect OM. |
| Vallone and Fallon59 | Yes | 1997 | Cross-sectional survey | 24 different modalities were potentially used as a treatment by DCs for OM. Unanimous agreement for use of chiropractic adjustment of the atlas and the occiput, as well as removal of dairy/wheat from diet and manual lymphatic drainage. | Survey explored the management protocols of children with OM and asthma by 33 DCs enrolled into a postgraduate pediatric program. |
| Whiteside60 | No | 1993 | Commentary | Experimentally, physiotherapist claims success with manipulation to cervical spine and massage of neck and shoulders. | Discussed cause for glue ear and potential management plans including CAM modalities. |
| Hendricks and Larkin-Thier61 | Yes | 1989 | Commentary | Proper alignment of the spine may return normal function of eustachian tube, but clinical trials are needed to verify this conclusion. | Reviewed anatomy of the ear, pathophysiology of OM, conventional care for OM. |
