Table 1

Patient characteristics

	Entry-point provider
		Conservative therapist			Physician
	Total	Chiropractor	Physical therapist	Acupuncture	Primary care	Orthopaedic surgeon	Emergency medicine	MD other	Rehab	Neurosurgeon
Full sample—N (%)	216,504 (100)	50,014 (23.1)	3,499 (1.6)	1,839 (0.8)	114,782 (53.0)	9,335 (4.3)	8,746 (4.0)	4,422 (2.0)	3,246 (1.5)	578 (0.3)
Age, year—mean (SD)	48.1 (15.9)	45.7 (14.9)	47.0 (15.7)	42.4 (10.6)	47.7 (15.4)	50.1 (16.4)	50.1 (18.3)	51.3 (15.3)	46.9 (15.0)	52.2 (14.8)
Sex/gender—N (%)
Female	108,347 (50.1)	22,808 (45.6)	1,995 (57.1)	972 (52.9)	58,182 (50.7)	4,648 (49.8)	4,560 (52.2)	2,282 (51.6)	1,554 (47.9)	245 (42.4)
Male	107,660 (49.8)	27,193 (54.4)	>1,493 (>42.6)*	>856 (>46.5)*	56,517 (49.2)	4,674 (50.1)	>4,175 (>47.7)*	2,140 (48.4)	>1,681 (>51.8)*	333 (57.6)
Race/ethnicity—N (%)
Black	18,907 (8.7)	2,190 (4.4)	191 (5.5)	45 (2.4)	11,755 (10.2)	802 (8.6)	1,192 (13.6)	494 (11.2)	208 (6.4)	50 (8.7)
Hispanic	20,936 (9.7)	3,766 (7.5)	263 (7.5)	224 (12.2)	12,212 (10.6)	752 (8.1)	860 (9.8)	541 (12.2)	293 (9.0)	38 (6.6)
Asian	9,344 (4.3)	1,636 (3.3)	224 (6.4)	747 (40.6)	4,885 (4.3)	354 (3.8)	270 (3.1)	194 (4.4)	218 (6.7)	15 (2.6)
White	159,503 (73.7)	40,709 (81.4)	2,666 (76.2)	732 (39.8)	81,971 (71.4)	7,046 (75.5)	6,115 (69.9)	3,013 (68.1)	2,394 (73.8)	449 (77.7)
Unknown (missing)	7,814 (3.6)	1,713 (3.4)	155 (4.4)	91 (4.9)	3,959 (3.4)	381 (4.1)	309 (3.5)	180 (4.1)	133 (4.1)	26 (4.5)
Insurance—N (%)
Commercial	183,117 (84.7)	44,520 (89.0)	3,048 (87.1)	1,827 (99.3)	99,842 (87.0)	7,696 (82.5)	6,236 (71.3)	3,601 (81.4)	2,891 (89.1)	472 (81.7)
Medicare Advantage	32,937 (15.2)	5,476 (11.0)	>440 (>12.6)*	12 (0.7)	14,900 (13.0)	>1,628 (>17.4)*	>2,499 (>28.6)*	>810 (>18.3)*	>344 (>10.6)*	>95 (>16.4)*

Age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity and insurance are all statistically significant at p<0.0001.

*Cell suppressed due to small N's with unknown sex/gender or insurance in the corresponding column. Two additional initial type of providers -- other non-MD (eg, physician assistants, advance practice nurses) and radiologist -- were included in the analyses but not reported in this table. Outcomes with a sample size <11 are not shown due to small sample size. There were a small number of individuals with unknown sex/gender and insurance type, and if we provided exact n's, readers may be able to infer the unknown n's which would be problematic since we cannot disclose n<11 for purposes of confidentiality of the data. For example, in table 1 under male PT, >1493 means that there was an unknown sex/gender row or column with n<11. Therefore, the number of male PT first individuals is between 1493 and 1504.

PT, physical therapy.