Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2022 (Feb 9); 30: 6
Table 1.
Examples of environments in which the primary spine practitioner model is in place. This is not necessarily a complete list
Location Program Year Started Environment Direct access or referral? Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA [21] Spine Care & Neurosurgery Center 2009 Hospital-based Both New York State [23] Excellus Spine Health Program 2014 Payer system community Both Botswana, India, Ghana, Dominican Republic [52] World Spine Care 2008 Free standing clinics Direct access Eastern Massachusetts, USA Atrius Health Integrated Spine Program 2015 Multi-specialty healthcare system Both Hanover, New Hampshire, USA [49, 50] Primary Spine Care 2017 Primary care clinic Both Ontario, Canada [22] Rapid Access Clinics 2012 Community Referral Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Program for Spine Health 2018 Community Referral Chicago, USA Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush 2018 Hospital-based Both Fargo, ND USA Sanford Health Spine Center 2018 Community Both