Table 2
Pre- and post- intervention clinical outcome measures
| Sham group | Chiropractic group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre n = 11 | Post n = 10 | Pre n = 13 | Post n = 12 | |||||
| Female (n) | 5 | (46%) | 5 | (50%) | 6 | (46%) | 5 | (42%) |
| Age (years) | 72.55 | (4.27) | 72.9 | (4.33) | 74.23 | (5.83) | 73.75 | (5.82) |
| Cognitive function (MoCA) (0–30)a | 26.09 | (1.92) | 26.90 | (1.60) | 26.00 | (2.16) | 26.25 | (2.67) |
| Dizziness (0–10) b | 4.00 | (3.58) | 3.50 | (2.88) | 3.85 | (2.12) | 2.58 | (2.64) |
| Dizziness handicap (DHI) (0–100)b | 44.00 | (16.97) | 36.40 | (20.11) | 40.77 | (12.48) | 28.33 | (14.37) |
| Joint pain (NRS-11) (0–10)b | 2.27 | (2.33) | 3.30 | (2.21) | 2.69 | (2.02) | 2.92 | (2.84) |
| Neck pain (NRS-11) (0–10)b | 2.82 | (1.78) | 3.60 | (2.12) | 4.38 | (2.36) | 2.75 | (2.49) |
| Neck pain (NDI) (0–100)b | 24.18 | (8.22) | 22.80 | (6.20) | 24.94 | (12.87) | 19.07 | (12.50) |
| Concerns of falling (FES-I) (16–64)b | 29.00 | (5.71) | 26.70 | (6.29) | 26.00 | (5.61) | 24.42 | (5.21) |
| SF12 PCS (0–100)c | 36.20 | (8.45) | 40.18 | (10.98) | 42.12 | (6.91) | 43.96 | (10.01) |
| SF12 MCS (0–100)c | 49.20 | (10.79) | 49.98 | (8.71) | 47.76 | (9.75) | 52.90 | (9.45) |
| Mood | ||||||||
| Depression (DASS) (0–21)b | 8.55 | (4.99) | 7.20 | (6.20) | 5.38 | (4.03) | 3.50 | (4.52) |
| Anxiety (DASS) (0–21)b | 8.73 | (6.28) | 6.20 | (6.43) | 6.00 | (2.58) | 4.50 | (2.97) |
| Stress (DASS) (0–21)b | 10.73 | (5.61) | 7.60 | (5.48) | 9.08 | (6.09) | 8.33 | (7.02) |
| Physical function | ||||||||
| Functional reach (cm)d | 32.41 | (5.90) | 30.60 | (10.30) | 29.93 | (11.75) | 31.25 | (8.37) |
| Step test sum (n)d | 27.09 | (6.16) | 26.10 | (7.08) | 25.46 | (7.09) | 26.08 | (8.45) |
| Four square step test (seconds)e | 11.20 | (2.51) | 14.18 | (8.24) | 11.92 | (2.95) | 11.22 | (3.18) |
| Timed up & go (seconds)e | 12.09 | (2.87) | 12.36 | (4.11) | 12.18 | (2.70) | 11.87 | (3.67) |
| Correctly identified which group they were allocated to (n) | 5 | (50%) | 8 | (67%) | ||||
| Treatment satisfaction (1–5)f | 3.60 | (0.70) | 3.58 | (1.00) | ||||
M mean, SD standard deviation, MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment, NDI neck disability index, DHI dizziness handicap inventory, PCS physical health composite score, MCS mental health composite score, DASS depression anxiety and stress scale.
aa lower score indicates reduced cognitive function
ba higher score indicates greater symptoms
ca higher score indicated greater quality of life
da higher score indicates greater physical function
ea faster time indicates greater physical function
f1-I feel much worse 2-I feel worse 3-I feel the same 4-I feel better 5-I feel much better