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Published online 2018 Oct 17. doi:  [10.1186/s12883-018-1173-6]

Table 2

Headache management characteristics by chiropractors (often/almost every headache patient compared to never/rarely)

Treatment approachMigraine (often/almost all) (n = 387)Tension headache (often/almost all) (n = 382)Cervicogenic headache (often/almost all) (n = 382)
Joint-based manipulative therapies
 Spinal manipulation318(82.2%)337(87.5%)349(90.6%)
 Non-thrust spinal mobilisations264(88.4%)252(65.5%)252(65.5%)
 Instrument adjusting279(72.1%)270(70.1%)273(70.9%)
 Drop-piece methods133(34.4%)148(38.4%)153(39.7%)
Soft-tissue based and exercise therapies
 Soft tissue to neck/shoulders331(85.3%)339(88.1%)340(88.3%)
 Electro-physical therapies30(7.8%)30(7.8%)30(7.8%)
 Soft-tissue/exercise to temporomandibular252(65.1%)249(64.7%)233(60.5%)
 Exercises – neck/shoulders311(81.6%)337(87.5%)353(91.7%)
Patient advice and education
 Advice on headache triggers364(94.1%)350(90.9%)338(87.8%)
 Advice on diet and fitness331(85.6%)336(87.3%)327(84.9%)
 Stress management346(89.4%)347(90.1%)337(87.5%)
Survey key:
Spinal manipulation (manual adjusting/manipulation (including Diversified, Gonstead);
Drop piece methods (drop-piece/Thompson or similar);
Soft tissue – neck/shoulders (massage, myofascial, stretching or trigger points to neck/shoulders);
Electro-physical therapies (including TENS, ultrasound)