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Table 2
Self-assessment questionnaires used for patients with neck pain
| Questionnaire | Constructs measured | Psychometric status |
|---|---|---|
| ASPS (extended) 46 | Pain behavior during activities and rest | Extended to fit to neck pain. Reliable, valid, and responsive |
| BQ (modified)47 | Covers all dimensions of the biopsychosocial model of pain | Reliable, valid, and responsive in nonspecific neck pain |
| CNFDS55 | Function/disability; 15 questions of normal daily activities | Similar to NDI |
| Global Assessment of Neck Pain56 | Function/disability; 5 categories from “free of neck trouble” to totally disabled by neck trouble | Correlates well with CNFDS |
| Neck Pain and Disability Scale57,58 | Function/disability | Scores strongly correlated with NDI; r = 0.86. Good content validity |
| NDI50,59,60 | Pain; function/disability; 10 sections | Criterion standard revalidated in different study populations |
| NPQ52 | Pain; function/disability; 10 parameters | Similar to NDI |
| CSOQ48 | Pain; function/disability; psychosocial status; health care utilization | High reliability, good validity, and responsiveness to change |
| PSFS (neck)51 | Function/disability | Very sensitive to functional changes in individual patients |
| PET52 | Pain; function/disability; psychosocial status | Cannot be used in research; no standardization of content (like PSFS) |
| WDQ53,58 | Pain; function/disability; psychosocial status | Whiplash specific; ICC = 0.96 |
| Short Core Neck Pain Questionnaire61 | Function/disability | Good reliability and validity in mechanical neck pain |
| NHANES-ADL (neck)62 | Function/disability; physical, social, emotional; 16 items of ADLs | Good reliability and validity in cervical pain |
| CPH4263 | Pain; function/disability; psychosocial status | ICC = 0.91, a = 0.90. Sensitive to changes in severity over time |
| Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (neck)64,65 | Psychosocial status: how physical activity and work affect pain, 16 statements | Modified for neck patients. ICC = 0.81, a = 0.90. Good construct validity, medium responsiveness |
| SF-36 Item Health Survey66 | Health-related quality of life physical and mental components | Measures general health status; widely used |