SMT
| High velocity, low amplitude manipulation (can be drop-table assisted) [[41]]
| Individualized: spinal regions treated and type of therapy used is determined by the chiropractor [[42],[43]]
| Treatment delivered by licensed chiropractors with at least 5 years experience
| 20 to 30 minute visits
|
Minimum: 1 visit/month
|
Low velocity, low amplitude mobilization
| Maximum: 2 visits/week
|
Individualized: Number of treatments determined by chiropractor & patient [[40],[44],[45]]
|
Manual distraction, gentle soft tissue massage, hot or cold therapy, and active or passive muscle stretching to facilitate SMT
|
SRE | Aerobic warm up
| Partially individualized: exercise selection, progression, and repetitions are determined by patient’s abilities and tolerance | Supervised by exercise therapists*
| 45 to 60 minute sessions
|
Stretching, strengthening, and balance exercises
|
Minimum: 1 session/month
|
One-on-one
|
Home exercise encouraged between sessions |
Advice to stay active; self-care tips for pain management [[46],[47]] | Uses resistance bands, stability trainers, chairs |