Spinal Manipulative Therapy Has an Immediate Effect on Thermal Pain Sensitivity in People With Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

doi:10.2522/ptj.20090058

PMC full text:

Phys Ther. 2009 Dec; 89(12): 1292–1303.

doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090058

Copyright/License ►Request permission to reuse: Copyright © 2009 American Physical Therapy Association

Table 1.

Baseline Measures of Demographic Variables and Clinical Pain, Pain Sensitivity, and Psychological Variables^{^a}

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is zad01209-2855-t01.jpg

^a All findings are presented as means (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated.
SB = stationary bicycle
LEE = lumbar extension exercises
SMT = spinal manipulative therapy
LBP = low back pain
NRS = numeric rating scale, with anchors of 0 ("no pain at all") and 100 ("worst pain imaginable")
FPQ = Fear of Pain Questionnaire
CSQ-R = Coping Strategies Questionnaire
TSK = Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
ASI = Anxiety Sensitivity Index.