Examination | • Vitals (height, weight, blood pressure) |
| • Orthopedic exam (Lasegue, Patrick Fabre, Kemp, Gaenslen, Femoral Nerve Stretch) |
| • Neurologic exam (motor, sensory, reflex evaluation) |
| • Soft tissue evaluation |
|
Imaging | • X-ray results (obtained if clinically warranted) |
| • DEXA results (obtained if clinically warranted) |
|
Biomechanical Assessment | • Torso strength (flexion, extension) |
| • Torso endurance (flexion, extension, lateral bridge) |
| • Lumbar range of motion (flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation) |
|
Psychosocial Assessment | • Disability (modified Roland Morris)[32,33] |
| • General health status (EuroQol) [34,35] |
| • Fear avoidance (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire)[36] |
| • Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia)[37] |
| • Coping style (Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory)[38,39] |
| • Pain self-efficacy (PSEQ)[40] |
| • Depression (CES-D)[41,42] |
|
Preferences | • Which modalities were preferred |
| • Expectations for improvement with each modality (5 point scale) |