| PMC full text: | Spine J. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 Feb 1. Published in final edited form as: Spine J. 2010 Feb; 10(2): 117. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.09.002 |
Table 1
Baseline participant characteristics
| SMT 8 visits (n = 20) | SMT 16 visits (n = 20) | LM 8 visits (n = 20) | LM 16 visits (n = 20) | All (n = 80) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic information | |||||
| Age (years) | 38 ± 10 | 35 ± 12 | 37 ± 13 | 34 ± 10 | 36 ± 11 |
| Gender (female) | 16 (80%) | 16 (80%) | 15 (75%) | 17 (85%) | 64 (80%) |
| Race (white non-Hispanic) | 20 (100%) | 18 (90%) | 12 (60%) | 18 (90%) | 68 (85%) |
| Marital status (married) | 10 (50%) | 10 (50%) | 10 (50%) | 7 (35%) | 37 (46%) |
| Education (college degree) | 9 (45%) | 8 (40%) | 6 (30%) | 5 (25%) | 28 (35%) |
| Income (< $24000/yr) | 6 (30%) | 9 (45%) | 9 (45%) | 9 (45%) | 33 (41%) |
| Expectations | |||||
| Confidence in SMT * | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.3 |
| Confidence in LM * | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.2 |
| Optimal visits for SMT (4 - 20) | 12.4 ± 4.8 | 13.4 ± 5.1 | 11.6 ± 5.3 | 13.4 ± 4.7 | 12.7 ± 5.0 |
| Optimal visits for LM (4 - 20) | 14.4 ± 5.1 | 14.2 ± 4.6 | 13.2 ± 5.5 | 15.2 ± 5.1 | 14.3 ± 5.0 |
| Cervicogenic headaches | |||||
| Pain intensity † | 51.2 ± 17.7 | 50.7 ± 16.8 | 56.8 ± 15.8 | 58.7 ± 17.1 | 54.3 ± 16.9 |
| Pain unpleasantness † | 53.0 ± 21.1 | 55.5 ± 19.6 | 58.5 ± 16.3 | 58.0 ± 18.5 | 56.3 ± 18.7 |
| Functional disability † | 47.3 ± 25.6 | 38.0 ± 19.6 | 49.3 ± 21.6 | 45.5± 24.5 | 45.0 ± 22.9 |
| Number (last 4 wk) | 14.8 ± 8.4 | 16.0 ± 7.8 | 15.8 ± 8.7 | 16.2 ± 7.0 | 15.7 ± 7.9 |
| Disability days (last 4 wk) | 5.1 ± 4.0 | 3.3 ± 3.7 | 5.2 ± 4.8 | 7.0 ± 6.9 | 5.1 ± 5.1 |
| Other Headaches | |||||
| Number (last 4 wk) | 2.0 ± 2.4 | 1.5 ± 6.7 | 4.6 ± 8.9 | 5.5 ± 7.5 | 3.4 ± 6.2 |
| Disability days (last 4 wk) | 0.9 ± 1.9 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 2.9 ± 6.9 | 1.5 ± 3.8 |
| Neck | |||||
| Pain intensity † | 53.3 ± 21.2 | 53.0 ± 22.7 | 60.5 ± 21.4 | 59.0 ± 20.8 | 56.4 ± 20.8 |
| Functional disability † | 46.3 ± 21.7 | 36.2 ± 22.6 | 48.5 ± 23.6 | 41.6 ± 22.8 | 43.2 ± 22.8 |
| Health status | |||||
| Physical health ‡ | 47.0 ± 8.8 | 47.4 ± 9.2 | 43.7 ± 9.5 | 44.7 ± 9.9 | 45.7 ± 9.3 |
| Mental health ‡ | 45.1 ± 10.1 | 49.3 ± 8.4 | 49.1 ± 8.2 | 45.7 ± 10.6 | 47.3 ± 9.4 |
| Migraine sufferer (self report) | 6 (30%) | 6 (30%) | 5 (25%) | 5 (25%) | 22 (28%) |
| Low back pain | 10 (50%) | 11 (55%) | 10 (50%) | 8 (40%) | 39 (49%) |
| Depression screen (positive) | 8 (40%) | 8 (40%) | 6 (30%) | 7 (35%) | 29 (36%) |
| Other comorbidity | 15 (75%) | 13 (65%) | 13 (65%) | 12 (60%) | 53 (66%) |
| Oral medication use (times in last 4 wk) | |||||
| Prescription | 3.9 ± 7.8 | 1.7 ± 3.6 | 1.1 ± 3.1 | 4.0 ± 7.8 | 2.6 ± 6.1 |
| Over-the-counter | 12.7 ± 11.9 | 13.1 ± 14.1 | 9.9 ± 11.7 | 9.7 ± 7.3 | 11.4 ± 11.4 |
| Supplements | 3.9 ± 12.5 | 1.8 ± 6.7 | 6.7 ± 13.7 | 9.0 ± 11.8 | 5.4 ± 11.6 |
| Total | 20.4 ± 21.3 | 16.5 ± 17.0 | 18.0 ± 20.6 | 22.7 ± 15.8 | 19.4 ± 18.6 |
LM - light massage.
*6-point Likert scale with 1 indicating lowest confidence and 6 indicating highest confidence.
†100-point scales with lower scores favorable. Pain intensity and functional disability were evaluated with the Modified von Korff pain and disability scales.
‡The physical and mental health component summaries of the SF-12 Health Survey are standardized scales with mean = 50 and SD = 10 in the U.S. general population; higher scores are favorable.